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<channel><title><![CDATA[M&aacute;me deti - Blog]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog]]></link><description><![CDATA[Blog]]></description><pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 21:36:21 +0100</pubDate><generator>Weebly</generator><item><title><![CDATA[December 22nd, 2020]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/vdacny-rodic-nielen-na-vianoce]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/vdacny-rodic-nielen-na-vianoce#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2020 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/vdacny-rodic-nielen-na-vianoce</guid><description><![CDATA[ [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Stres náš každodenný - už aj deti?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/stres-nas-kazdodenny-uz-aj-deti]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/stres-nas-kazdodenny-uz-aj-deti#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2020 10:00:38 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/stres-nas-kazdodenny-uz-aj-deti</guid><description><![CDATA[ &#8203;Vn&iacute;mate stres? Ke&#271; sme v&nbsp;jednom tempe, ke&#271; nevieme &#269;o sk&ocirc;r... A&nbsp;v&nbsp;t&yacute;chto d&#328;och sa k&nbsp;tomu prid&aacute;va aj stres z&nbsp;nepoznan&eacute;ho, z&nbsp;toho, &#382;e nevieme &#269;o bude a&nbsp;ako bude. My dospel&iacute; m&aacute;me &#269;asto stres.Stres vn&iacute;mame ako nie&#269;o negat&iacute;vne, ale on je mo&#382;no prekvapivo &ndash; aj u&#382;ito&#269;n&yacute;. Pom&aacute;ha n&aacute;m pre&#382;i&#357; najm&auml; v&nbsp;ne [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:334px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="https://www.mamedeti.sk/uploads/2/1/8/6/21865222/published/pexels-photo-3905731.jpeg?1588328344" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 50px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 40px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -50px; margin-bottom: 50px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;">&#8203;Vn&iacute;mate stres? Ke&#271; sme v&nbsp;jednom tempe, ke&#271; nevieme &#269;o sk&ocirc;r... A&nbsp;v&nbsp;t&yacute;chto d&#328;och sa k&nbsp;tomu prid&aacute;va aj stres z&nbsp;nepoznan&eacute;ho, z&nbsp;toho, &#382;e nevieme &#269;o bude a&nbsp;ako bude. My dospel&iacute; m&aacute;me &#269;asto stres.<br />Stres vn&iacute;mame ako nie&#269;o negat&iacute;vne, ale on je mo&#382;no prekvapivo &ndash; aj u&#382;ito&#269;n&yacute;. Pom&aacute;ha n&aacute;m pre&#382;i&#357; najm&auml; v&nbsp;nebezpe&#269;n&yacute;ch situ&aacute;ci&aacute;ch. Okrem toho sa v&#271;aka stresu dok&aacute;&#382;eme aj lep&scaron;ie s&uacute;stredi&#357;... to v&scaron;etko je v&nbsp;poriadku, ak stres pre&#382;&iacute;vame kr&aacute;tkodobo. Probl&eacute;m nast&aacute;va, ke&#271; stres pre&#382;&iacute;vame pridlho a&nbsp;&#269;asto.<br />A&nbsp;&#269;o deti? V&scaron;&iacute;mate si stres aj u&nbsp;nich? Nemysl&iacute;m len ten tak&yacute; &bdquo;klasick&yacute;&ldquo; pred p&iacute;somkou. Ale tak&yacute; stres podobn&yacute; tomu n&aacute;&scaron;mu &bdquo;dospel&aacute;ckemu&ldquo; &ndash; stres z&nbsp;nepoznan&eacute;ho, stres z&nbsp;toho, &#382;e nem&aacute;m veci pod kontrolou...<br /><br /><em>Ako a&nbsp;pre&#269;o vznik&aacute; stres u&nbsp;det&iacute;? &Scaron;kod&iacute; im? Kedy die&#357;a prv&yacute;kr&aacute;t m&ocirc;&#382;e poc&iacute;ti&#357; stres?</em><br />Na tieto ot&aacute;zky treba za&#269;a&#357; h&#318;ada&#357; odpove&#271; v&nbsp;tom naj&uacute;tlej&scaron;om &#269;ase &#382;ivota &ndash; a&nbsp;to u&nbsp;<em>novorodencov.</em><br />Novorodenci maj&uacute; mali&#269;k&yacute; mozog, ktor&yacute; spracov&aacute;va a&nbsp;vn&iacute;ma inform&aacute;cie zo svojho bezprostredn&eacute;ho okolia. Ak novorodeneck&yacute; mozog vyhodnot&iacute;, &#382;e v&scaron;etko je v&nbsp;poriadku, &#382;e m&ocirc;&#382;e by&#357; v&nbsp;k&#318;ude &ndash; &#382;e na jeho potreby (hlad, pla&#269;...) niekto okam&#382;ite zareaguje, tak postupne tak ako rastie sa mu prep&aacute;jaj&uacute; neur&oacute;nov&eacute; spojenia. Pr&aacute;ve tieto neur&oacute;nov&eacute; spojenia s&uacute; d&ocirc;le&#382;it&yacute;m z&aacute;kladom pre rozvoj schopnosti ako napr&iacute;klad pam&auml;&#357;, sebakontrola, ale aj vz&#357;ah k&nbsp;&#318;u&#271;om a&nbsp;k&nbsp;sebe sam&eacute;mu. Jeho telo je v&nbsp;pohode, v&#382;dy niekto pr&iacute;de ak je hladn&yacute;, ak sa z&#318;akol alebo mu je nepr&iacute;jemne. Mozog nevysiela sign&aacute;ly stresu.<br /><br />&#268;o sa ale stane, ak mozog novorodenca vn&iacute;ma, &#382;e nie je v&scaron;etko ok? &#381;e na jeho potreby neprich&aacute;dza nikto, kto by mu ich nas&yacute;til? &#381;e v&nbsp;jeho bezprostrednej bl&iacute;zkosti akoby nik poriadne nereagoval na jeho pla&#269;? Tak&yacute;to mozog za&#269;ne vysiela&#357; sign&aacute;ly, &#382;e nie&#269;o nie je v&nbsp;poriadku, &#382;e je v&nbsp;ohrozen&iacute; a &#382;e je v&nbsp;nebezpe&#269;enstve. <em>T&yacute;mto sa sp&uacute;&scaron;&#357;a prv&aacute; stresov&aacute; situ&aacute;cia. &nbsp;A stres pre&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; v&nbsp;detstve m&aacute; z&aacute;sadn&yacute; vplyv na cel&yacute; &#382;ivot.</em><br />Deti nemaj&uacute; schopnos&#357; uk&#318;udni&#357; sa sam&eacute;. Nemaj&uacute; na to vyvinut&yacute; mozog a potrebuj&uacute; pomoc rodi&#269;a. Potrebuj&uacute; niekoho, kto ich upokoj&iacute;, zoberie na ruky, vysvetl&iacute;, ut&iacute;&scaron;i. Jednoducho nenech&aacute; ich v&nbsp;strese a osamoten&eacute;. Ak k&nbsp;tomu nepr&iacute;de - ak nikto nereaguje na pla&#269;, ak rodi&#269; nezareaguje v&#269;as (alebo &#382;ia&#318;, v&ocirc;bec), hladina kortizolu (&#269;o je horm&oacute;n stresu) vybehne u&nbsp;die&#357;a&#357;a a&nbsp;je dlhodobo zv&yacute;&scaron;en&aacute;. U&nbsp;det&iacute; trv&aacute; dlh&scaron;ie, ne&#382; znova klesne, &#269;i&#382;e s&uacute; dlh&scaron;iu dobu v&nbsp;strese. Nevedia sa uk&#318;udni&#357; sam&eacute;.<br /><br />Prv&yacute; n&aacute;sledok nes&yacute;tenia potrieb u&nbsp;novorodencov je teda&nbsp;<strong>pre&#382;&iacute;vanie stresu a&nbsp;pocitu ohrozenia aj v&nbsp;be&#382;n&yacute;ch situ&aacute;ci&aacute;ch. </strong>Preto&#382;e ak<strong>&nbsp;</strong><span>sa die&#357;a dlhodobo ocit&aacute; v&nbsp;strese, jeho mozog vysiela sign&aacute;ly stresu aj ke&#271; nemus&iacute;. Na situ&aacute;cie a&nbsp;udalosti reaguje prehnane - je vystresovan&eacute; aj v&nbsp;situ&aacute;ci&aacute;ch, ktor&eacute; u&nbsp;in&yacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute; nevyvol&aacute;vaj&uacute; &#382;iaden stres ani nebezpe&#269;enstvo.</span><br /><br />Druh&yacute;m n&aacute;sledkom &#269;ast&eacute;ho rann&eacute;ho stresu sa uk&aacute;&#382;e v&nbsp;bud&uacute;cnosti. Tieto deti ve&#318;mi &#357;a&#382;ko bud&uacute; udr&#382;iava&#357; pozornos&#357; (to sa prejav&iacute; ve&#318;mi skoro), bud&uacute; s&nbsp;ve&#318;kou pravdepodobnos&#357;ou prchej&scaron;ie a&nbsp;najm&auml; ich schopnos&#357; rie&scaron;i&#357; konflikty a&nbsp;h&aacute;dky bude n&iacute;zka. <strong>Tak&eacute;to deti maj&uacute; mnohokr&aacute;t probl&eacute;m zapam&auml;ta&#357; si u&#382; aj b&aacute;sni&#269;ky, &#318;ahko sa nahnevaj&uacute; a&nbsp;nevedia v&nbsp;pokoji vyrie&scaron;i&#357; oby&#269;ajn&eacute; h&aacute;dky. Dost&aacute;vaj&uacute; sa do zbyto&#269;n&yacute;ch probl&eacute;mov a&nbsp;h&aacute;dok - s&uacute; v&yacute;bu&scaron;n&eacute;.</strong><br /><br />A&nbsp;do tretice, tak&eacute;to deti sa nau&#269;ia, &#382;e sa &#357;a&#382;ko h&#318;ad&aacute; d&ocirc;vera v&nbsp;druh&yacute;ch &#318;u&#271;och. <strong>Ich vz&#357;ahov&aacute; v&auml;zba je naru&scaron;en&aacute;. S&uacute; pripraven&eacute; kedyko&#318;vek bojova&#357; a&nbsp;ned&ocirc;verova&#357;. S&uacute; v neust&aacute;lom nap&auml;t&iacute; a strehu.</strong><br /><br />V&nbsp;svetle t&yacute;chto poznatkov pam&auml;tajme, &#382;e prv&eacute; a&nbsp;najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ie obdobie det&iacute; je v&nbsp;rannom detstve. To, &#269;o die&#357;a za&#382;ije pred n&aacute;stupom do &scaron;k&ocirc;lky, ako my rodi&#269;ia reagujeme na detsk&yacute; pla&#269;, &uacute;navu, ako mu pom&ocirc;&#382;eme spracova&#357; nepr&iacute;jemn&eacute; z&aacute;&#382;itky...to v&scaron;etko bude ma&#357; na neho vplyv. Ovocie n&aacute;&scaron;ho vz&#357;ahu sa uk&aacute;&#382;e ve&#318;mi r&yacute;chlo. Preto V&aacute;s chcem povzbudi&#357;, aby ste aj v&nbsp;&#269;asoch, kedy samy pre&#382;&iacute;vate ist&uacute; mieru stresu a&nbsp;frustr&aacute;cie, nezab&uacute;dali na to, &#382;e aj deti dok&aacute;&#382;u pre&#382;&iacute;va&#357; stres. Nedok&aacute;&#382;u ho v&scaron;ak spracova&#357; samy, ale potrebuj&uacute; k&nbsp;tomu n&aacute;s rodi&#269;ov. L&aacute;skou a&nbsp;pozornos&#357;ou vychov&aacute;vate die&#357;a k&nbsp;spokojn&eacute;mu &#382;ivotu.&nbsp;</div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[August 27th, 2019]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/akou-recou-hovoris]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/akou-recou-hovoris#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 27 Aug 2019 13:24:17 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/akou-recou-hovoris</guid><description><![CDATA[ [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Čo spája vynálezcov a deti?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-spaja-vynalezcov-a-deti]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-spaja-vynalezcov-a-deti#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 04 Sep 2018 06:34:14 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-spaja-vynalezcov-a-deti</guid><description><![CDATA[ &#268;o sp&aacute;ja &#318;ud&iacute; ako Picasso, Edison, James Watt alebo Tesla &#269;i mnoh&yacute;ch in&yacute;ch? &#268;o ich sp&aacute;ja aj s na&scaron;imi de&#357;mi?&nbsp;&Aacute;no, okrem in&eacute;ho boli v&yacute;nimo&#269;n&iacute;, boli m&uacute;dri, boli pokrokov&iacute; a najm&auml; - neb&aacute;li sa by&#357; kreat&iacute;vnymi. Boli kreat&iacute;vnymi &#318;u&#271;mi so srdcom pre nov&eacute; n&aacute;pady a veci. Boli tvorcami nekonven&#269;n&yacute;ch a neuverite&#318;n&yacu [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:470px'></span><span style='display: table;width:380px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:20px;*margin-top:40px'><a><img src="https://www.mamedeti.sk/uploads/2/1/8/6/21865222/editor/everblockkolaz2.jpg?1536043157" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:1px;padding:3px; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#268;o sp&aacute;ja &#318;ud&iacute; ako Picasso, Edison, James Watt alebo Tesla &#269;i mnoh&yacute;ch in&yacute;ch? &#268;o ich sp&aacute;ja aj s na&scaron;imi de&#357;mi?&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&Aacute;no, okrem in&eacute;ho boli v&yacute;nimo&#269;n&iacute;, boli m&uacute;dri, boli pokrokov&iacute; a najm&auml; - neb&aacute;li sa by&#357; kreat&iacute;vnymi. Boli kreat&iacute;vnymi &#318;u&#271;mi so srdcom pre nov&eacute; n&aacute;pady a veci. Boli tvorcami nekonven&#269;n&yacute;ch a neuverite&#318;n&yacute;ch vec&iacute;. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Tvorivos&#357;/kreativita je schopnos&#357; presiahnu&#357; viden&eacute;, zau&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; &#269;i nar&uacute;&scaron;a&#357; star&yacute; sp&ocirc;sob a star&yacute; syst&eacute;m nielen v sebe, ale aj v okol&iacute;. Kreativita je schopnos&#357; rie&scaron;i&#357; probl&eacute;my alebo vytv&aacute;ra&#357; nov&eacute; veci nov&yacute;m sp&ocirc;sobom. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">No wau, nechceli by ste by&#357; aj vy tvoriv&iacute;? A &#269;o va&scaron;e deti? Pova&#382;ujete ich za kreat&iacute;vne? Radi vym&yacute;&scaron;&#318;aj&uacute; a prich&aacute;dzaj&uacute; s neuverite&#318;n&yacute;mi n&aacute;padmi? A pritom im v&ocirc;bec nevad&iacute;, &#382;e sa nedaj&uacute; (zatia&#318;) zrealizova&#357;? </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Tvorivos&#357; a kreativita je to, &#269;o d&aacute;va vynikn&uacute;&#357; &#318;u&#271;om a ich n&aacute;padom. Vedeli ste, &#382;e kreat&iacute;vni &#318;udia maj&uacute; mno&#382;stvo nezvy&#269;ajn&yacute;ch my&scaron;lienok, vytv&aacute;raj&uacute; st&aacute;le nov&eacute; osobn&eacute; objavy ( s nimi sa ale nezvykn&uacute; zd&ocirc;verova&#357;, postupne vypl&aacute;vaj&uacute; na povrch) a pr&aacute;ve v&#271;aka svojej nev&scaron;ednej kreativite sa pozeraj&uacute; na svet, na funk&#269;nos&#357; vec&iacute; inou perspekt&iacute;vou? </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak si zoberieme kreativitu zo strany podmienenosti inteligencie, tak zist&iacute;me, &#382;e psychol&oacute;govia veria, &#382;e inteligencia zohr&aacute;va ve&#318;k&uacute; &uacute;lohu v tvorivosti. Zistili, &#382;e vysok&eacute; IQ je potrebn&eacute; pre kreativitu, ale na druhej strane, nie v&scaron;etci &#318;udia s vysok&yacute;m IQ s&uacute; kreat&iacute;vni. </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">Kreativita potrebuje, aby sme proti nej nebojovali univerz&aacute;lnymi n&aacute;zormi a my&scaron;lienkami na probl&eacute;my.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">Potrebuje svoj priestor. </span></span><br /><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(11, 83, 148)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&#8203;Doprajte svojim de&#357;om podnetn&eacute; prostredie. Ak&eacute; je to&nbsp; &nbsp; prostredie? Je to tak&eacute;, ktor&eacute; im pon&uacute;ka nov&eacute; sp&ocirc;soby myslenia, nov&eacute; tvorenie, rie&scaron;enie a hranie sa.</span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(11, 83, 148)"><em>Moje deti mali mo&#382;nos&#357; zahra&#357; sa, prem&yacute;&scaron;&#318;a&#357; a vym&yacute;&scaron;&#318;a&#357; so super kockami EVERBLOCK. Str&aacute;vili tak nieko&#318;kohod&iacute;n pr&aacute;ve v tvorivosti a vytv&aacute;rania n&aacute;padov.</em> </span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Aby teda tvorivos&#357;, kreativita mala svoj priestor na rozv&iacute;janie, je potrebn&eacute;, aby sme ju v sebe, &#269;i v de&#357;och &ldquo;nezabili&rdquo;. </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ako na to? </span></span></strong><ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><span>Prv&yacute;m krokom, ako podporova&#357; kreativitu u det&iacute; <em>je dovoli&#357; im p&yacute;ta&#357; sa</em>.</span><span> Nech sa p&yacute;taj&uacute; hoci aj pre n&aacute;s nezmyselne. Nech h&#318;adaj&uacute; odpovede a zam&yacute;&scaron;&#318;aj&uacute; sa. Nech sa neuspokoja s jednoduchou odpove&#271;ou, ale id&uacute; do podstaty vec&iacute; a e&scaron;te &#271;alej.</span></span><br /><br /></li></ul><ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><span>P&yacute;tajte sa ich, ako by sa dal probl&eacute;m vyrie&scaron;i&#357;. </span><span><em>Dajte im priestor, nech rozm&yacute;&scaron;&#318;aj&uacute; a vytv&aacute;raj&uacute; nov&eacute; n&aacute;pady, ako rie&scaron;i&#357; dan&yacute; probl&eacute;m.</em> </span><span>Samy budete prekvapen&iacute;, &#269;o v&scaron;etko detsk&yacute; mozog vyprodukuje a ak&eacute; n&aacute;pady v&aacute;m deti predostr&uacute;. Nie s&uacute; toti&#382; zviazan&iacute; o&#269;ak&aacute;van&iacute;m a hodnoten&iacute;m svojho okolia. Ich my&scaron;lienky s&uacute; tvoriv&eacute; a n&aacute;padit&eacute;. My sme sa doma zahrali na vyn&aacute;lezcov a rozpr&uacute;dil sa u n&aacute;s celkom dobr&yacute; brainstorming. N&aacute;pady sa len tak zapisovali a potom sme sa o nich rozpr&aacute;vali. V&ocirc;bec nevad&iacute;, &#382;e mnoh&eacute; n&aacute;pady a realiz&aacute;cie by boli neuskuto&#269;nite&#318;n&eacute;, ale deti mali priestor na fant&aacute;ziu.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /></li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Podporujte deti meni&#357; &scaron;t&yacute;l myslenia.</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> P&yacute;tajte sa ich r&ocirc;znymi sp&ocirc;sobmi na dan&eacute; veci, &#382;iadajte od nich viac ako len prv&uacute; odpove&#271; a n&aacute;zor. Rozv&iacute;jajte ich slov&aacute; a my&scaron;lienky. Jednosmern&eacute; prem&yacute;&scaron;&#318;anie nad vecami, probl&eacute;mom alebo fungovania sveta je tak ochudobnen&yacute; o pestros&#357;.&nbsp;</span></li></ul> &nbsp;<ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><em><span>Nechajte ich tvori&#357; a nepoh&#318;te ich podmienkami a po&#382;iadavkami.</span></em><span> Nechajte im vo&#318;n&eacute; ruky, dajte im materi&aacute;l, no&#382;nice, lepidlo, pali&#269;ky, kocky, lego&hellip; hoci&#269;o a nech tvoria. Ich myse&#318; vypust&iacute; mno&#382;stvo neuverite&#318;n&yacute;ch n&aacute;padov a ide&iacute;. Najm&auml; im neur&#269;ite, ako a &#269;o maj&uacute; nakresli&#357;, vystrihn&uacute;&#357; a nalepi&#357;. </span></span></li></ul> &nbsp;<ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><span><em>Nuda.</em> Z&aacute;zra&#269;n&eacute; slovo, ktor&eacute; podporuje tvorivos&#357;.</span><span> Ak sa deti nudia, za&#269;n&uacute; viac prem&yacute;&scaron;&#318;a&#357; a sn&iacute;va&#357;. Nech sn&iacute;vaj&uacute; o &#269;om chc&uacute;. Nevad&iacute;, &#382;e ich sny s&uacute; mo&#382;no nere&aacute;lne, mo&#382;no prehnan&eacute;&hellip; pr&aacute;ve t&uacute;&#382;ba, zvedavos&#357; a sny s&uacute; ako vodou pre rastliny na rozvoj kreativity. Pokojne ich nechajte, nech sa len tak "ponevieraj&uacute;", uvid&iacute;te, &#382;e si vymyslia &#269;innos&#357; (to samozrejme vtedy, ak im nepust&iacute;te telev&iacute;ziu alebo po&#269;&iacute;ta&#269;:)).</span></span></li></ul> &nbsp;<ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><span><em>Doprajte svojim de&#357;om podnetn&eacute; prostredie.</em> </span><span>Ak&eacute; je to prostredie? Je to tak&eacute;, ktor&eacute; im pon&uacute;ka nov&eacute; sp&ocirc;soby myslenia, nov&eacute; tvorenie, rie&scaron;enie a hranie sa. Spokojne obmedzte po&#269;et hra&#269;iek a farieb v izbe a vzruchov. Podnetn&iacute; a tvoriv&iacute; &#318;udia vyh&#318;ad&aacute;vaj&uacute; ticho, v ktorom prem&yacute;&scaron;&#318;aj&uacute;. Obklopte ich prostred&iacute;m s vecami, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; in&scaron;piruj&uacute;ce a motivuj&uacute;ce. To je sp&uacute;&scaron;&#357;a&#269; vynaliezavosti a tvorivosti. </span></span>&#8203;</li></ul></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="https://www.mamedeti.sk/uploads/2/1/8/6/21865222/published/everblockkolaz.jpg?250" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><em><span><span style="color:rgb(11, 83, 148)"><br />&#8203;Vedeli ste, &#382;e modr&aacute; farba je pr&aacute;ve &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></em><br /><span><em><span style="color:rgb(11, 83, 148)">tou farbou, ktor&aacute; podporuje kreativitu? Preto&#382;e modr&aacute; farba je spojen&aacute; s pr&iacute;rodou, mierom a pokojom. Vyvol&aacute;va u &#318;ud&iacute; pocit bezpe&#269;ia a kreativity.&nbsp;</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Asi sa zhodneme na tom, &#382;e Edison, Tesla, Watt alebo Picasso boli v&yacute;nimo&#269;n&iacute; &#318;udia s v&yacute;nimo&#269;n&yacute;m poh&#318;adom na svoje okolie. V&yacute;nimo&#269;nos&#357; a tvorivos&#357; v&scaron;ak nebola len ich v&yacute;sada. Ka&#382;d&yacute; z n&aacute;s m&aacute; v&yacute;nimo&#269;nos&#357; myslenia a tvorivos&#357;. Je to in&scaron;piruj&uacute;ce tak, ako jej nositelia. A ja by som si priala, aby sme dok&aacute;zali vychova&#357; &#269;oraz viac in&scaron;pirat&iacute;vnych &#318;ud&iacute;.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Štyri tipy ako na internet, aby neovládol naše deti]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/styri-tipy-ako-na-internet-aby-neovladol-nase-deti]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/styri-tipy-ako-na-internet-aby-neovladol-nase-deti#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 26 Jul 2018 07:59:09 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/styri-tipy-ako-na-internet-aby-neovladol-nase-deti</guid><description><![CDATA[Vieme, &#382;e m&eacute;dia, internet, tablety, mobily znamenaj&uacute; nepretr&#382;it&eacute; inform&aacute;cie a s&uacute; s&uacute;&#269;as&#357;ou dne&scaron;n&eacute;ho sveta. M&ocirc;&#382;eme sa im br&aacute;ni&#357;, obmedzova&#357; ich, ale nevyhneme sa im &uacute;plne. Ani deti. M&ocirc;&#382;eme sa do&#269;&iacute;ta&#357;, ako zle vpl&yacute;vaj&uacute; na na&scaron;e deti a ak&eacute; negat&iacute;va to m&aacute; na ich v&yacute;voj, psychiku a vz&#357;ahy. &#268;asto sa stane, &#3 [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph" style="text-align:justify;"><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Vieme, &#382;e m&eacute;dia, internet, tablety, mobily znamenaj&uacute; nepretr&#382;it&eacute; inform&aacute;cie a s&uacute; s&uacute;&#269;as&#357;ou dne&scaron;n&eacute;ho sveta. M&ocirc;&#382;eme sa im br&aacute;ni&#357;, obmedzova&#357; ich, ale nevyhneme sa im &uacute;plne. Ani deti. M&ocirc;&#382;eme sa do&#269;&iacute;ta&#357;, ako zle vpl&yacute;vaj&uacute; na na&scaron;e deti a ak&eacute; negat&iacute;va to m&aacute; na ich v&yacute;voj, psychiku a vz&#357;ahy. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#268;asto sa stane, &#382;e z be&#382;n&eacute;ho nieko&#318;komin&uacute;tov&eacute;ho detsk&eacute;ho pozernia tabletu sa stane nieko&#318;kohodinov&aacute; ka&#382;dodenn&aacute; z&aacute;le&#382;itos&#357;. &#268;o s t&yacute;m? Zru&scaron;i&#357;, zak&aacute;za&#357; tablet &uacute;plne? </span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Nemus&iacute;te ich &uacute;plne zru&scaron;i&#357;, ale sk&uacute;ste sa na ne pozrie&#357; ako na s&uacute;perov, ktor&yacute; ber&uacute; &#269;as v&aacute;m aj va&scaron;im de&#357;om.</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Ber&uacute; si va&scaron;u pozornos&#357;, pozornos&#357; det&iacute;, ktor&eacute; potom maj&uacute; probl&eacute;m preorientova&#357; sa na vlastn&yacute;ch rodi&#269;ov a komunik&aacute;ciu s nimi. </span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pre&#269;o?</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Preto&#382;e ich myse&#318; je zapratan&aacute; reklamami, hudbou, videami a po&#269;&iacute;ta&#269;ov&yacute;mi hrami. </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Aby sme nehovorili o m&eacute;di&aacute;ch, internete len ako o najv&auml;&#269;&scaron;om zle v na&scaron;ich rodin&aacute;ch, mus&iacute;me spomen&uacute;&#357;, &#382;e spr&aacute;vne a rozumn&eacute; pracovanie, &nbsp;sledovanie m&eacute;di&iacute; m&ocirc;&#382;e by&#357; pr&iacute;nosn&eacute; pre deti. Ke&#271; sa toti&#382; m&uacute;dro kontroluj&uacute;, deti sa nau&#269;ia nov&eacute; veci a nakoniec ich aj nau&#269;ia kontrolova&#357; svoj vo&#318;n&yacute; &#269;as. </span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Probl&eacute;mom je, &#382;e je &#357;a&#382;k&eacute; n&aacute;js&#357; a odkontrolova&#357; rozumn&eacute; a bezmy&scaron;lienkovit&eacute; vn&iacute;manie, nas&aacute;vanie v&scaron;etk&eacute;ho, &#269;o n&aacute;m pr&iacute;de k n&aacute;m domov prostredn&iacute;ctvom internetu alebo telev&iacute;zora. Nem&aacute; by&#357; cestou &uacute;pln&yacute; z&aacute;kaz internetu a telev&iacute;zora, ale jeho spr&aacute;vne a pr&iacute;nosn&eacute; vyu&#382;&iacute;vanie.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> </span></em></span><br /><br /><strong><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Ako teda na telev&iacute;zor, internet a po&#269;&iacute;ta&#269;ov&eacute; hry? Ako si z nich spravi&#357; sluhov a nie p&aacute;nov ?</span></span></strong><em><span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1. Kontrolujte k ak&yacute;m filmom, programom, hr&aacute;m a internetov&yacute;m str&aacute;nkam maj&uacute; deti pr&iacute;stup. </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Stanovte si, &#269;o chcete, aby deti pozerali a &#269;o aj naozaj bud&uacute; pozera&#357;. Ak&eacute; programy, ak&eacute; hry bud&uacute; deti hr&aacute;va&#357;. Rozhodnite sa, &#269;o v&aacute;s rozvesel&iacute;, pri&#269;om si odd&yacute;chnete ako rodina. A najm&auml;, pri ak&yacute;ch filmoch, hr&aacute;ch nebud&uacute; va&scaron;e deti zbyto&#269;ne zahlten&eacute; agresivitou, strachom alebo nepochopen&iacute;m situ&aacute;ci&iacute;. </span></span><br /><br /><em><span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. Sledujte a kontrolujte &#269;as, ktor&yacute; die&#357;a str&aacute;vi pri internete.</span><span style="font-weight:400"> </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Porozm&yacute;&scaron;&#318;ajte a spolu s de&#357;mi sa rozhodnite, &#269;i &#269;as, ktor&yacute; ste vy ako rodina alebo va&scaron;e deti str&aacute;vili pri po&#269;&iacute;ta&#269;i &#269;i tabletom, ste nemohli str&aacute;vi&#357; inak. Tak&yacute;mto sp&ocirc;sobom vediete deti k vedomiu rozhodova&#357; sa, prij&iacute;ma&#357; &#269;o je dobr&eacute;, odmieta&#357; zl&eacute;, prij&iacute;ma&#357; in&scaron;pir&aacute;ciu a odmieta&#357; konzum. </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>Nau&#269;&iacute;te tak deti, &#382;e &#269;as je kr&aacute;tky, aby ho str&aacute;vili len bezduch&yacute;m prij&iacute;man&iacute;m ned&ocirc;le&#382;it&yacute;ch inform&aacute;ci&iacute;. </em></span></span><br /><br /><span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp;<em>&nbsp; 3. Majte doma len jeden telev&iacute;zor, &#318;ah&scaron;ie ustriehnete kto ko&#318;ko pozer&aacute; a &#269;o sa pozer&aacute;. </em></span></span><br /><span><font color="#000000">Ak sa deti h&aacute;daj&uacute; pri tablete &#269;i telev&iacute;zore, po&#269;&iacute;ta&#269;i, upozornite ich maxim&aacute;lne dvakr&aacute;t a potom telev&iacute;zor vypnite, tablet zoberte&hellip; Pravidlo, &#382;e deti pozeraj&uacute; bez h&aacute;dok alebo v&ocirc;bec v&aacute;m u&#318;ah&#269;&iacute; predch&aacute;dza&#357; nezhod&aacute;m. Nedovo&#318;te, aby sa deti h&aacute;dali kv&ocirc;li tabletu alebo telev&iacute;zoru.&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><font color="#000000">&nbsp; &nbsp; </font><em style=""><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font><font color="#626262">4.&nbsp;</font></em></span><em><font color="#626262">V&#382;dy, ke&#271; m&aacute;te pocit, &#382;e va&scaron;e deti pozeraj&uacute; ve&#318;a alebo sa hraj&uacute; dlho, vtedy sta&#269;ilo.</font></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Verte svojim pochybnostiam o d&#314;&#382;ke &#269;asu a vn&uacute;torn&eacute;mu zhodnoteniu. Ak sa v tom str&aacute;cate a neviete, kedy a ko&#318;ko &#269;asu str&aacute;vili deti na tabletoch, stanovte si pravidl&aacute;. Napr&iacute;klad ka&#382;d&yacute; de&#328; 20min. Ak si &#269;as min&uacute;, nedajte im ho navy&scaron;e. O&#269;ak&aacute;vajte, &#382;e bud&uacute; zo za&#269;iatku protestova&#357; a sk&uacute;&scaron;a&#357;, aby ste im &#269;as natiahli aspo&#328; o p&aacute;r min&uacute;t. Nenechajte sa obm&auml;k&#269;i&#357; a trvajte na dohode. Bu&#271;te pevn&yacute; a vytrval&yacute; vo svojom rozhodnut&iacute;. Nau&#269;&iacute;te svoje deti discipl&iacute;ne, nau&#269;&iacute;te ich, &#382;e dohoda plat&iacute; a va&scaron;e slovo je pevn&eacute; a nemenn&eacute; a napokon v&aacute;m t&aacute;to zdanlivo &#357;a&#382;&scaron;ia cesta prinesie pokoj. </span></span><br /><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pre&#269;o by sme mali dohliada&#357; na mno&#382;stvo &#269;asu str&aacute;ven&eacute;ho nad tabletom, telev&iacute;zorom najm&auml; u mal&yacute;ch det&iacute;? </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">M&eacute;dia, telev&iacute;zor, tablet pon&uacute;kaj&uacute; in&uacute; realitu akou je t&aacute;, v ktorej &#382;ijeme. U det&iacute;, najm&auml; t&yacute;ch mal&yacute;ch plat&iacute;, &#382;e to, &#269;o vidia je pre nich realita. Uveria tomu, &#269;o vidia, uveria tomu, &#269;o je pre nich presved&#269;iv&eacute;. </span><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>&#268;o vidia a v &#269;o veria v&#271;aka internetu a telev&iacute;zi&iacute;?</em>&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Vidia vtipn&yacute;ch hrdinov, vyrie&scaron;en&eacute; probl&eacute;my bez n&aacute;mahy, umel&uacute; dokonalos&#357;, falo&scaron;n&eacute; &scaron;&#357;astie &#269;i vulgarizmy. Zamyslime sa, ak&aacute; je umeleck&aacute; hodnota programu? Je to nezmyseln&aacute; z&aacute;bava alebo umenie, ktor&eacute; vytv&aacute;ra rados&#357;, in&scaron;pir&aacute;ciu? Ak&yacute;ch hrdinov, &ldquo;celebrity&rdquo; s&uacute; n&aacute;m a de&#357;om predstavovan&eacute;? &#268;o dosiahli? Za &#269;o si zasl&uacute;&#382;ia tak&uacute;to pozornos&#357;? Na&#269;o s&uacute; n&aacute;m reklamy? &#268;o sa v nich s&#318;ubuje? &#317;ahko vyrie&scaron;i&#357; probl&eacute;m, vlastn&eacute; pohodlie, spolo&#269;ensk&eacute; prijatie, pote&scaron;enie a nekone&#269;n&eacute; u&#382;&iacute;vanie&hellip; </span></span><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#268;o chceme, aby na&scaron;e deti videli?</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak&yacute; obraz o svete, vz&#357;ahoch, komunik&aacute;ci&iacute; to v nich vytv&aacute;ra? </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Okrem in&eacute;ho dopad pr&iacute;li&scaron;n&eacute;ho u&#382;&iacute;vania internetov&yacute;ch zariaden&iacute; sp&ocirc;sob&iacute;, &#382;e deti vo v&scaron;etkom bud&uacute; h&#318;ada&#357; adrenal&iacute;n, s&uacute;&#357;a&#382;ivos&#357;, r&yacute;chlu z&aacute;bavu a pocit, &#382;e ich niekto mus&iacute; zab&aacute;va&#357;. Prestan&uacute; vn&iacute;ma&#357; vo&#318;n&yacute; &#269;as ako mo&#382;nos&#357; na &#269;&iacute;tanie, kreslenie, hranie sa, rozm&yacute;&scaron;&#318;anie sa, zdrav&eacute; nudenie sa&hellip; Bud&uacute; o&#269;ak&aacute;va&#357;, &#382;e niekto / nie&#269;o ich &ldquo;pr&aacute;zdny &#269;as&rdquo; vypln&iacute;. </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak sa v&aacute;m rodi&#269;om podar&iacute; odkontrolova&#357; ko&#318;ko, kedy a &#269;o sa pozer&aacute; a hr&aacute; na mobiloch, tabletoch, nau&#269;&iacute;te svoje deti ve&#318;a. Nau&#269;&iacute;te ich spr&aacute;vne vyu&#382;&iacute;va&#357; &#269;as, komunikova&#357; s rovesn&iacute;kmi aj s vami. Nau&#269;&iacute;te ich sebadiscipl&iacute;ne, rozv&iacute;janiu vlastn&yacute;ch kon&iacute;&#269;kov a zru&#269;nost&iacute;. Deti bud&uacute; v kone&#269;nom d&ocirc;sledku spokojnej&scaron;ie a aj pokojnej&scaron;ie, preto&#382;e nebud&uacute; ru&scaron;en&eacute; telev&iacute;zorom, nepretr&#382;itou hudbou, tlakom inform&aacute;ci&iacute; a falo&scaron;n&yacute;mi predstavami o svete, vz&#357;ahoch a mor&aacute;lke. A to najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ie - de&#357;om nezoberiete mo&#382;nos&#357; prem&yacute;&scaron;&#318;a&#357;, tvori&#357;, uva&#382;ova&#357; a rozv&iacute;ja&#357; sa. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Prajem V&aacute;m, aby ste spolu s de&#357;mi dok&aacute;zali spr&aacute;vne vyu&#382;&iacute;va&#357; &#269;as, oddych a n&aacute;js&#357; balans medzi svetom inernetov&yacute;m a t&yacute;m &#318;udsk&yacute;m. </span></span><br /><br />&#8203;</div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Potrebujú naše deti známky?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/potrebuju-nase-deti-znamky]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/potrebuju-nase-deti-znamky#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2018 11:54:10 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/potrebuju-nase-deti-znamky</guid><description><![CDATA[Bl&iacute;&#382;i sa koniec &scaron;kolsk&eacute;ho roka a deti dones&uacute; vysved&#269;enie so zn&aacute;mkami. Niektor&iacute; rodi&#269;ia bud&uacute; spokojn&iacute;, in&iacute; mo&#382;no menej. Zn&aacute;mky maj&uacute; odzrkad&#318;ova&#357; vedomosti det&iacute;. V tomto &#269;l&aacute;nku alebo nebudem p&iacute;sa&#357; o tom, aby sme zn&aacute;mky nebrali pr&iacute;li&scaron; v&aacute;&#382;ne a aby sme deti netrestali za zl&eacute; zn&aacute;mky. Chcem sa spolu s vami zam&yacute;&sc [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph" style="text-align:justify;"><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Bl&iacute;&#382;i sa koniec &scaron;kolsk&eacute;ho roka a deti dones&uacute; vysved&#269;enie so zn&aacute;mkami. Niektor&iacute; rodi&#269;ia bud&uacute; spokojn&iacute;, in&iacute; mo&#382;no menej. Zn&aacute;mky maj&uacute; odzrkad&#318;ova&#357; vedomosti det&iacute;. V tomto &#269;l&aacute;nku alebo nebudem p&iacute;sa&#357; o tom, aby sme zn&aacute;mky nebrali pr&iacute;li&scaron; v&aacute;&#382;ne a aby sme deti netrestali za zl&eacute; zn&aacute;mky. Chcem sa spolu s vami zam&yacute;&scaron;&#318;a&#357; nad v&yacute;znamom zn&aacute;mok, nad t&yacute;m, ako to funguje v in&yacute;ch krajin&aacute;ch a kedy, z ak&eacute;ho d&ocirc;vodu vzniklo zn&aacute;mkovanie?</span></span><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Hist&oacute;ria zn&aacute;mkovania</span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Prv&eacute; spr&aacute;vy o zn&aacute;mkovan&iacute; poch&aacute;dzaj&uacute; a&#382; z obdobia<em> otrok&aacute;rskej spolo&#269;nosti a staroveku</em>. Dokazuj&uacute; to kresby na sten&aacute;ch, ktor&eacute; zn&aacute;zor&#328;uj&uacute; napr&iacute;klad trestanie &#382;iakov palicou. Tak&eacute;to kresby poukazuj&uacute; na to, &#382;e u&#382; v tej dobe existovalo hodnotenie a motiv&aacute;cia aj ke&#271; v inej podobe. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">V staroveku existovali takzvan&eacute; <em>lok&aacute;cie</em>, ktor&eacute; mali by&#357; akousi motiv&aacute;ciu pre u&#269;enie a odr&aacute;&#382;ali to, ako sa &#382;iak u&#269;il. Lok&aacute;cie boli toti&#382; miesta pre &#382;iakov v triede, ktor&eacute; im boli pridelen&eacute; pod&#318;a v&yacute;sledkov u&#269;enia. Lavica vpredu bola zvy&#269;ajne ur&#269;en&aacute; pre najlep&scaron;&iacute;ch &#382;iakov, pri&#269;om zl&aacute; pr&aacute;ca &#382;iakov bola hodnoten&aacute; lavicou, ktor&aacute; bola umiestnen&aacute; za rohom &#269;i &uacute;plne vzadu. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>J&aacute;n Amos Komensk&yacute;</em> sa zameriaval na to, &#269;o m&aacute; by&#357; hodnoten&eacute; a nie ako. U neho sa nenach&aacute;dzaj&uacute; zmienky o hodnoten&iacute; zn&aacute;mkami. Pod&#318;a neho toti&#382; hlavnou pr&aacute;cou u&#269;ite&#318;ov je dovies&#357; &#382;iaka k dokonalosti u&#269;enia a nie ho opakovane triedi&#357; a klasifikova&#357;. Hovoril, &#382;e &#382;iak m&aacute; zvl&aacute;dnu&#357; nov&eacute; vedomosti a vedie&#357; ich aj uplatni&#357;. V tom &#269;ase sa u&#382; zn&aacute;mkovalo. Bohat&yacute;m&nbsp;</span></span><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">sa nep&aacute;&#269;ilo, &#382;e k vedomostiam a vzdel&aacute;vaniu by mali ma&#357; pr&iacute;stup aj chudobn&iacute;.<em> A tak sa syst&eacute;mom hodnotenia a klasifik&aacute;cie &#382;iakov stal n&aacute;strojom segreg&aacute;cie</em>. Deti jednotliv&yacute;ch soci&aacute;lnych tried sa delili aj prospechom.<br /><em>Zmeny priniesla M&aacute;ria Ter&eacute;zia &scaron;t&aacute;tnou normou pre Uhorsko pod n&aacute;zvom Ratio Educations</em> (rok 1777). Okrem pr&aacute;va na vzdelanie pre v&scaron;etky soci&aacute;lne skupiny t&aacute;to &scaron;t&aacute;tna norma zaviedla vysved&#269;enie, ktor&eacute; dostal &#382;iak pri odchode domov zo &scaron;koly. Prospech sa klasifikoval &scaron;tyrmi stup&#328;ami: ve&#318;mi dobr&yacute;, dobr&yacute;, prostredn&yacute; a slab&yacute;. Pretrv&aacute;valo hodnotenie r&ocirc;znymi znakmi a pou&#382;&iacute;vali sa obr&aacute;zky kresieb ako napr. osol, svi&#328;a a telesn&eacute; tresty. </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Od tohto obdobia a&#382; do obdobia 70. rokov 20. storo&#269;ia &scaron;kolsk&eacute; hodnotenie pre&scaron;lo zmenami tak, ako sa vyv&iacute;jala spolo&#269;nos&#357; a jej potreby. Vznikali hodnotiace stupnice, ale st&aacute;le fungovali tresty telesn&eacute; a hodnotenie zn&aacute;mkami. Hodnotiace stupnice obsahovali &scaron;tyri alebo p&auml;&#357; stup&#328;ov hodnotenia, vytv&aacute;rali sa sk&uacute;&scaron;obn&eacute; a klasifika&#269;n&eacute; poriadky. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>V 90. rokoch dvadsiateho storo&#269;ia &nbsp;sa u n&aacute;s hodnotili &#382;iaci na z&aacute;kladn&yacute;ch &scaron;kol&aacute;ch v&yacute;lu&#269;ne klasifik&aacute;ciou zn&aacute;mkami.</em> Za&#269;ali sa v&scaron;ak oz&yacute;va&#357; pedag&oacute;govia a psychol&oacute;govia, ktor&iacute; nepova&#382;ovali za najlep&scaron;ie hodnotenie &#382;iakov pr&aacute;ve formou klasifik&aacute;cie - zn&aacute;mkovania a chceli presadi&#357; vyu&#382;&iacute;vanie &scaron;ir&scaron;ieho slovn&eacute;ho hodnotenia. V tom &#269;ase prebiehali diskusie o vplyve zn&aacute;mkovania na &#382;iakov. A tak sa v &scaron;kolskom roku 1988/1989 forma <em>slovn&eacute;ho hodnotenia za&#269;ala uplat&#328;ova&#357; v prvom ro&#269;n&iacute;ku z&aacute;kladnej &scaron;koly</em> a od &scaron;kolsk&eacute;ho roku 1994/1995 vznikla <em>alternat&iacute;va slovne hodnoti&#357; &#382;iakov po&#269;as druh&eacute;ho a&#382; &scaron;tvrt&eacute;ho ro&#269;n&iacute;ka </em>(ak to po&#382;aduje vedenie &scaron;koly). </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Zn&aacute;mkovanie &#382;iakov je ist&aacute; forma motiv&aacute;cie a pos&uacute;vania deti vpred. Klasifik&aacute;cia det&iacute; vytv&aacute;ra konkuren&#269;n&eacute; prostredie pre &#382;iakov a m&aacute; svoje v&yacute;hody, ale i nev&yacute;hody. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak&aacute; je objektivita zn&aacute;mkovania? Hodnotia sa re&aacute;lne vedomosti &#382;iakov - najm&auml; t&yacute;ch mal&yacute;ch &#382;iakov? Nevstupuje do procesu zn&aacute;mkovania, testov, p&iacute;somiek, &uacute;stneho sk&uacute;&scaron;ania nervozita det&iacute;, ich emocion&aacute;lny stav a mo&#382;nos&#357; s&uacute;stredenia sa? Ako by vyzeral &#382;iacky &#382;ivot na z&aacute;kladn&yacute;ch &scaron;kol&aacute;ch, ak by sa na prvom stupni hodnotilo slovne? Pr&aacute;ve slovn&eacute; hodnotenie je viac motivuj&uacute;ce a viac odzrkad&#318;uje snahu die&#357;a&#357;a. Preto&#382;e nie v&#382;dy v&yacute;sledok zodpoved&aacute; tomu, ako sa &#382;iak sna&#382;il, ako ve&#318;mi chcel a ako sa s&uacute;stredil. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Proces hodnotenia zn&aacute;mkami tu budeme ma&#357; zrejme dlho. Vy ako rodi&#269;ia ve&#318;mi dobre viete, ako zn&aacute;mky vpl&yacute;vaj&uacute; na&nbsp; va&scaron;e die&#357;a a do akej miery ho motivuj&uacute;. </span></span><br /><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ako je to s hodnoten&iacute;m &#382;iakov v niektor&yacute;ch krajin&aacute;ch sveta?</span></span></em><br /><span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Po&#318;sko</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> - &#382;iaci nastupuj&uacute; do &scaron;koly v 7. rokoch, pri&#269;om hodnotenie &#382;iakov pre prv&yacute; a&#382; &scaron;tvrt&yacute; ro&#269;n&iacute;k z&aacute;kladnej &scaron;koly plat&iacute; pre najlep&scaron;iu zn&aacute;mku 6 a najhor&scaron;ia zn&aacute;mka je 1. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>Nemecko</em></span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> - nem&aacute; jednotn&yacute; &scaron;kolsk&yacute; syst&eacute;m a l&iacute;&scaron;i sa pod&#318;a jednotliv&yacute;ch spolkov&yacute;ch kraj&iacute;n. Za&#269;iatok &scaron;kolskej doch&aacute;dzky je od 6 rokov. Do &scaron;tvrtej triedy deti nedost&aacute;vaj&uacute; polro&#269;n&eacute; vysved&#269;enia. Nemecko m&aacute; jednotn&uacute; skupinu zn&aacute;mkovania a nesk&ocirc;r pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&uacute; bodov&yacute; syst&eacute;m. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#268;&iacute;na</em> - deti absolvuj&uacute; vstupn&eacute; testy do z&aacute;kladnej &scaron;koly u&#382; v materskej &scaron;kole. Ak chc&uacute; &#269;&iacute;&#328;ania svoje die&#357;a dosta&#357; do t&yacute;ch najlep&scaron;&iacute;ch z&aacute;kladn&yacute;ch &scaron;k&ocirc;l, musia ma&#357; svoj &#382;ivotopis, ktor&yacute; bude zauj&iacute;mav&yacute;. Deti maj&uacute; pred prij&iacute;ma&#269;kami do z&aacute;kladn&yacute;ch &scaron;k&ocirc;l svojich &scaron;peci&aacute;lnych u&#269;ite&#318;ov, ktor&iacute; ich pripravuj&uacute;. Deti potrebuj&uacute; potvrdenia o ich schopnosti a v&yacute;nimo&#269;nosti (napr. o ich hre na hudobn&yacute; n&aacute;stroj, jazyk&hellip;). &#381;iaci na z&aacute;kladnej &scaron;kole sa u&#269;ia u&#382; 10 hod&iacute;n denne. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp;<em> &nbsp;F&iacute;nsko</em> - deti chodia do &scaron;koly ako sedemro&#269;n&eacute;. Nerobia si dom&aacute;ce &uacute;lohy do doby, pokia&#318; nie s&uacute; -n&aacute;s&#357;ro&#269;n&iacute;. Zauj&iacute;mavos&#357;ou je, &#382;e rozdiely medzi najlep&scaron;&iacute;mi a najhor&scaron;&iacute;mi &scaron;tudentmi s&uacute; najmen&scaron;ie na svete. &#268;o sa t&yacute;ka u&#269;ite&#318;ov a ich v&yacute;beru - F&iacute;nsko m&aacute; mo&#382;nos&#357; vybera&#357; si najlep&scaron;&iacute;ch z prv&yacute;ch 10% najlep&scaron;&iacute;ch absolventov.</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Deti nemaj&uacute; p&iacute;somky ani sk&uacute;&scaron;ky, nie s&uacute; testovan&eacute; a nijak&yacute;m sp&ocirc;sobom meran&eacute; po&#269;as prv&yacute;ch &scaron;iestich rokov ich vzdel&aacute;vania. Maj&uacute; len &scaron;tandardizovan&yacute; test, ktor&yacute; je ale povinn&yacute; pre v&scaron;etky deti, ktor&eacute; dov&#341;&scaron;ili &scaron;estn&aacute;s&#357; rokov (je to nie&#269;o tak&eacute;, ako u n&aacute;s monitor deviatok z&aacute;kladn&yacute;ch &scaron;k&ocirc;l). To, &#382;e tento v&yacute;nimo&#269;n&yacute; &scaron;kolsk&yacute; syst&eacute;m funguje, dokazuj&uacute; celosvetov&eacute; testovania. Ich &#382;iaci sa pravidelne umiest&#328;uj&uacute; na prv&yacute;ch miestach v matematike, &#269;&iacute;tan&iacute; a vedeck&yacute;ch discipl&iacute;nach. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; <em>&nbsp;Rusko</em> - na rusk&yacute;ch &scaron;kol&aacute;ch je in&aacute; stupnica hodnotenia ako u n&aacute;s. V Rusku je na p&auml;&#357;stup&#328;ovej &scaron;k&aacute;le hodnotenia najlep&scaron;ia zn&aacute;mka 5 a najhor&scaron;ia 1. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>Taliansko </em>- na &scaron;kol&aacute;ch sa po&#382;aduj&uacute; zn&aacute;mky na konci vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;ch ro&#269;n&iacute;koch. </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Je zrejm&eacute;, &#382;e proces v&yacute;u&#269;by a zn&aacute;mkovania sa l&iacute;&scaron;i od krajiny, od trad&iacute;cie a od po&#382;iadavky spolo&#269;nosti (laickej i odbornej). Na&scaron;e deti &#382;ij&uacute; slovensk&eacute; &scaron;kolstvo, kde je nastaven&yacute; ist&yacute; model hodnotenia - klasifick&aacute;cie det&iacute;. &#268;i je efekt&iacute;vny a spr&aacute;vny, vieme do istej miery pos&uacute;di&#357; aj my rodi&#269;ia.<br />Pri zn&aacute;mkach v&scaron;ak treba ma&#357; na pam&auml;ti, &#382;e zn&aacute;mka odzrkad&#318;uje sk&ocirc;r dan&yacute; v&yacute;kon a nie dlhodob&uacute; snahu u die&#357;a&#357;a. Preto&#382;e aj my nedosiahneme v&#382;dy 100% v&yacute;kon, sta&#269;&iacute;, ak sa zle vysp&iacute;me, ak n&aacute;s bol&iacute; hlava a hne&#271; na&scaron;a produktivita kles&aacute;. Tak podobne je to aj u det&iacute;. Tr&aacute;pia ich mal&eacute; aj v&auml;&#269;&scaron;ie starosti, rie&scaron;ia svoje miesto medzi spolu&#382;iakmi, m&ocirc;&#382;u ma&#357; zl&uacute; n&aacute;ladu a toto dok&aacute;&#382;e ovplyvni&#357; aj v&yacute;sledn&uacute; zn&aacute;mku. Pom&yacute;li sa</span></span><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;v p&iacute;somke a je to ozna&#269;en&eacute; za chybu. A za chyby sa dost&aacute;vaj&uacute; zl&eacute; zn&aacute;mky. Aby sa die&#357;a vyhlo zl&yacute;m zn&aacute;mkam, bude sa sna&#382;i&#357; nespravi&#357; chybu. Av&scaron;ak chybami sa deti u&#269;ia a napreduj&uacute;. Nestane sa cie&#318;om vedomos&#357; a jej vyu&#382;itie, ale pr&aacute;ve jednotka. Zn&aacute;mky sa st&aacute;vaj&uacute; vonkaj&scaron;ou motiv&aacute;ciou, aby sa die&#357;a u&#269;ilo. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pre &#382;ivot, pre vzdel&aacute;vanie, pre bystros&#357; a schopnos&#357; nar&aacute;ba&#357; s nov&yacute;mi poznatkami, chuti u&#269;i&#357; sa, je potrebn&eacute;, aby si die&#357;a zachovalo t&uacute; prv&aacute;cku rados&#357; z u&#269;enia a vn&uacute;torn&uacute; motiv&aacute;ciu. <em>Cie&#318;om u&#269;enia m&aacute; by&#357; toti&#382; vedomos&#357; a nie zn&aacute;mka. </em></span></span><br /><br /></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="2"><font color="#2a2a2a">Pou&#382;it&aacute; literat&uacute;ra:</font><br /><font color="#000000"><a href="http://www.mpc-edu.sk/"><font>www.mpc-edu.sk</font></a><br /><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/</a></font><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">M&Aacute;TEJ, J. et al. 1976. Dejiny &#269;eskej a slovenskej pedagogiky.&nbsp;</span></span></font></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Čo s detským hnevom?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-s-detskym-hnevom7640440]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-s-detskym-hnevom7640440#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2018 10:45:01 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-s-detskym-hnevom7640440</guid><description><![CDATA[ &#8203;&#317;udia &#269;asto pova&#382;uj&uacute; hnev za nie&#269;o zl&eacute;, nevhodn&eacute; a sna&#382;ia sa ho aj u det&iacute; limitova&#357;. Sna&#382;ia sa ho potl&aacute;&#269;a&#357; a u&#269;i&#357; to aj svoje deti. Hnev je v&scaron;ak em&oacute;cia, je to prirodzen&aacute; reakcia &#318;ud&iacute;, ka&#382;d&eacute;ho &nbsp;n&aacute;s &nbsp;a aj det&iacute;. Ony ho v&scaron;ak na rozdiel od dospel&yacute;ch nevedia zvl&aacute;da&#357; dostato&#269;ne alebo skoro v&ocirc;bec. Prepa [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:215px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="https://www.mamedeti.sk/uploads/2/1/8/6/21865222/published/dsc-2672_1.jpg?1526554000" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:1px;padding:3px; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><a href="https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/co-s-detskym-hnevom">&#8203;</a><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#317;udia &#269;asto pova&#382;uj&uacute; hnev za nie&#269;o zl&eacute;, nevhodn&eacute; a sna&#382;ia sa ho aj u det&iacute; limitova&#357;. Sna&#382;ia sa ho potl&aacute;&#269;a&#357; a u&#269;i&#357; to aj svoje deti. Hnev je v&scaron;ak em&oacute;cia, je to prirodzen&aacute; reakcia &#318;ud&iacute;, ka&#382;d&eacute;ho &nbsp;n&aacute;s &nbsp;a aj det&iacute;. Ony ho v&scaron;ak na rozdiel od dospel&yacute;ch nevedia zvl&aacute;da&#357; dostato&#269;ne alebo skoro v&ocirc;bec. Prepadn&uacute; ich em&oacute;cie, hnev premkne ich telo a prestan&uacute; sa ovl&aacute;da&#357;. Nahnevan&eacute; die&#357;a nem&aacute; ve&#318;a mo&#382;nost&iacute;, ako svoju frustr&aacute;ciu prejavi&#357;. Jednoducho sa hnev&aacute;. A tento hnev vyjadr&iacute; bu&#271; verb&aacute;lne alebo svoj&iacute;m spr&aacute;van&iacute;m. Ako ste sami ur&#269;ite spozorovali, detsk&yacute; slovn&iacute;k nie je nato&#318;ko pestr&yacute;, aby svoj hnev len verbalizovali.&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ako teda von z tohto kruhu hnevu, h&aacute;dzania sa o zem, kriku a hluku?&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">K&#318;&uacute;&#269; maj&uacute; v ruk&aacute;ch rodi&#269;ia.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Tak po&#271;me od za&#269;iatku, povedzme si, ako die&#357;a v jednotliv&yacute;ch etap&aacute;ch &#382;ivota prejavuje svoj hnev a ako a &#269;i v&ocirc;bec m&aacute; rodi&#269; zareagova&#357;. Pribl&iacute;&#382;me si hnev a jeho frekvenciu v na&scaron;ich &#382;ivotoch.</span><ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>V</strong>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:700">&uacute;tlom veku</span>&nbsp;die&#357;a vyjadruje svoj hnev h&aacute;dzan&iacute;m hra&#269;iek o zem, b&uacute;chan&iacute;m, krikom, &uacute;dermi. Rodi&#269; &#269;asto sleduje t&uacute;to sc&eacute;nu hnevu a m&aacute; pocit, &#382;e mus&iacute; zareagova&#357;. Aj kv&ocirc;li tomu, &#382;e sa ob&aacute;va o bezpe&#269;ie svojho die&#357;a&#357;a, preto&#382;e h&aacute;dzanie hra&#269;iek &#269;i seba sam&eacute;ho m&ocirc;&#382;e by&#357; aj nebezpe&#269;n&eacute;.</li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span style="font-weight:700">Star&scaron;ie die&#357;a</span>&nbsp;svoj hnev u&#382; dok&aacute;&#382;e verbalizova&#357;. U&#382; je v&auml;&#269;&scaron;ie a okolo mlad&scaron;ieho &scaron;kolsk&eacute;ho veku u&#382; naplno dok&aacute;&#382;e pomenova&#357; svoje pocity, em&oacute;cie, hnev a jeho sp&uacute;&scaron;&#357;a&#269;. Tak&eacute;to die&#357;a za&#269;&iacute;na svoj hnev a slov&aacute; obraca&#357; smerom na rodi&#269;ov a za&#269;&iacute;na by&#357; nepr&iacute;jemn&eacute;, odmietav&eacute; alebo provoka&#269;n&eacute;&hellip;</li></ul><br /><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">M&ocirc;&#382;e a m&aacute; toto rodi&#269; tolerova&#357;? Ako sa m&aacute; zachova&#357;? M&aacute; zareagova&#357;?&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">M&aacute;me sa sna&#382;i&#357;, aby die&#357;a neprejavovalo hnev?&nbsp;</span></em><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Hnev je prirodzen&aacute; reakcia na podnety okolia, ktor&eacute; v &#269;loveku vyvol&aacute;vaj&uacute; frustr&aacute;ciu. Tieto negat&iacute;vne pocity sa der&uacute; na povrch ako forma hnevu. Hnev &#269;lovek nedok&aacute;&#382;e dlhodobo udr&#382;iava&#357; vo vojom vn&uacute;tri. Preto sa sna&#382;&iacute;me - aj my dospel&iacute;, ale aj deti nau&#269;i&#357; ako zvl&aacute;da&#357; svoj hnev a ako ho spr&aacute;vne prejavi&#357;.&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">T&yacute;m, &#382;e hnev nie je mo&#382;n&eacute; dlhodobo potl&aacute;&#269;a&#357;, ve&#318;mi sa m&yacute;lime ak vy&#382;adujeme alebo o&#269;ak&aacute;vame, &#382;e na&scaron;e deti sa nebud&uacute; hneva&#357;. O&#269;ak&aacute;vame, &#382;e ak by sa aj hnevali, tak tento svoj hnev nemaj&uacute; prejavova&#357;.&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak odmietneme detsk&yacute; hnev a jeho prejavy, vlastne die&#357;a n&uacute;time, aby svoje pocity potla&#269;ilo hlboko do svojho vn&uacute;tra. Ak die&#357;a vedieme k tomu, aby svoj hnev neprejavovalo, pocit krivdy, hnevu a nutnos&#357; potl&aacute;&#269;ania a popierania narast&aacute; v detskom vn&uacute;tri. Die&#357;a to pod na&scaron;&iacute;m n&aacute;tlakom dok&aacute;&#382;e, ale tento nahromaden&yacute; hnev a jeho zak&aacute;zan&eacute; prejavy sa raz vyplatia. Vyplavia sa a sp&ocirc;sobia probl&eacute;my.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;N&aacute;sledok toho bude</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">, &#382;e ke&#271; die&#357;a vyrastie, nebude sa vedie&#357; ovl&aacute;da&#357; a zvl&aacute;da&#357; svoj hnev.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Okrem n&uacute;ten&eacute;ho potl&aacute;&#269;ania hnevu a jeho prejavov sa rodi&#269;ia &#269;asto nechaj&uacute; &ldquo;nakazi&#357;&rdquo; detsk&yacute;m hnevom. V tom nakazenom hneve nakri&#269;ia na svoje deti, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; &uacute;plne bezmocn&eacute;. V tom strese a prekvapen&iacute; deti zastavia prejavy svojho hnevu.&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Kam sa ale strat&iacute; tento hnev a jeho prejavy?&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Do vn&uacute;tra, do svojich spomienok, reakci&iacute;, do svojho srdca. Ako &ldquo;bonus&rdquo; si tam deti ulo&#382;ia aj hnev svojho rodi&#269;a.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Tak ako teda?</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;Ak n&uacute;time die&#357;a potla&#269;i&#357; svoj hnev, nevedieme ho spr&aacute;vne. Ani ak ho zastra&scaron;&iacute;me vlastn&yacute;m hnevom.&nbsp;<em>Je teda potrebn&eacute;, aby sme die&#357;a nau&#269;ili spr&aacute;vne zvl&aacute;dnu&#357; hnev a vyrie&scaron;i&#357; ho.</em>&nbsp;Toto u&#269;enie je dlhodob&aacute; cesta a nem&ocirc;&#382;eme o&#269;ak&aacute;va&#357;, &#382;e sa ju die&#357;a nau&#269;&iacute; hne&#271; a r&yacute;chlo. Je to pomal&yacute; proces, preto&#382;e die&#357;a za&#269;&iacute;na ma&#357; schopnos&#357; zvl&aacute;da&#357; svoj hnev a&#382; okolo siedmeho roku &#382;ivota.</span><br /><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#268;o dovtedy?</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;Nebr&aacute;ni&#357; prejavom hnevu, aby si die&#357;a neutvorilo takzvan&eacute; pas&iacute;vno-agres&iacute;vne spr&aacute;vanie. To vznik&aacute; vtedy, ke&#271; die&#357;a nezdravo pod n&aacute;tlakom potl&aacute;&#269;a svoj hnev a jeho prejavy. Je to podvedom&eacute; spr&aacute;vanie, kedy sa die&#357;a spr&aacute;va tak, aby nahnevalo ka&#382;d&eacute;ho, koho pova&#382;uje za autoritu. Rob&iacute; presn&yacute; opak, &#269;o sa od neho o&#269;ak&aacute;va. Pas&iacute;vno-agres&iacute;vne spr&aacute;vanie je opakom otvoren&eacute;ho prejavu hnevu. Die&#357;a teda nepriamo prejavuje svoj hnev, &#269;o b&yacute;va zlo&#382;itej&scaron;ie a n&aacute;ro&#269;nej&scaron;ie nielen pre die&#357;a, ale aj pre okolie. Die&#357;a si &#269;astokr&aacute;t ani neuvedomuje, &#382;e sa spr&aacute;va tak, aby nahnevalo svojich rodi&#269;ov. Napr&iacute;klad pocik&aacute;vanie sa - hoci sa nau&#269;ilo chodi&#357; na toaletu. Die&#357;a t&yacute;m vyjadruje svoj hnev. &#268;&iacute;m viac ho rodi&#269;ia bud&uacute; n&uacute;ti&#357;, aby neprejavovalo svoj hnev, t&yacute;m &#269;astej&scaron;ie sa bude pocik&aacute;va&#357;. Pre&#269;o? Aby nahnevalo svojich rodi&#269;ov.&nbsp;<br />&#8203;</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Rodi&#269;ia teda maj&uacute; za &uacute;lohu spr&aacute;vne nau&#269;i&#357; prejavova&#357; hnev u svojich det&iacute;. Doprajte de&#357;om primeran&eacute; prejavy hnevu. To s&uacute; tak&eacute;, ktor&eacute; neubli&#382;uj&uacute; sebe ani in&yacute;m. Nechajte ho k&#318;udne v izbe, nech sa vypla&#269;e, vyz&uacute;ri slzami, roztrh&aacute; papier, buchne do vank&uacute;&scaron;a, &#269;i aj zakri&#269;&iacute;. Ak potrebuje, nechajte ho tam. Ak c&iacute;tite, &#382;e die&#357;a by potrebovalo va&scaron;u pr&iacute;tomnos&#357;, pon&uacute;knite mu ju. Op&yacute;tajte sa ho, &#269;i m&ocirc;&#382;ete by&#357; pri &#328;om bez toho, aby ste mu nie&#269;o vysvet&#318;ovali, uk&#318;ud&#328;ovali&hellip; Re&scaron;pektujte die&#357;a a jeho &#382;elanie.&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#270;al&scaron;&iacute;m d&ocirc;le&#382;it&yacute;m krokom ako zvl&aacute;da&#357; detsk&yacute; hnev je to, &#382;e sa nenakaz&iacute;te ich hnevom ani jeho prejavom.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Prajem V&aacute;m, aby ste boli aj v &#357;a&#382;k&yacute;ch situ&aacute;ciach l&aacute;skav&yacute; a z&aacute;sadov&yacute;. L&aacute;ska a l&aacute;skavos&#357; prinesie die&#357;a&#357;u vedomie, &#382;e je prij&iacute;man&eacute; a milovan&eacute; st&aacute;le, aj vtedy, ke&#271; sa hnev&aacute;. Z&aacute;sadovos&#357; a n&aacute;ro&#269;nos&#357; prinesie die&#357;a&#357;u t&uacute;&#382;bu zlep&scaron;ova&#357; sa.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vedia vaše deti, že ich milujete?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/vedia-vase-deti-ze-ich-milujete]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/vedia-vase-deti-ze-ich-milujete#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2018 14:58:49 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/vedia-vase-deti-ze-ich-milujete</guid><description><![CDATA[Ke&#271; sa op&yacute;tate ktor&eacute;hoko&#318;vek rodi&#269;a, &#269;i miluje svoje die&#357;a, ka&#382;d&yacute; odpovie &aacute;no. Ka&#382;d&yacute; rodi&#269; miluje svoje die&#357;a. Aj napriek tejto l&aacute;ske rodi&#269;ov sa m&ocirc;&#382;me stretn&uacute;&#357; &nbsp;de&#357;mi, ktor&eacute; maj&uacute; pocit, &#382;e im nikto nerozumie, &#382;e ich rodi&#269;ia ne&#318;&uacute;bia a &#382;e im na nich vlastne nez&aacute;le&#382;&iacute;.&nbsp;Pre&#269;o m&aacute; die&#357;a odrazu  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph"><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ke&#271; sa op&yacute;tate ktor&eacute;hoko&#318;vek rodi&#269;a, &#269;i miluje svoje die&#357;a, ka&#382;d&yacute; odpovie &aacute;no. Ka&#382;d&yacute; rodi&#269; miluje svoje die&#357;a. Aj napriek tejto l&aacute;ske rodi&#269;ov sa m&ocirc;&#382;me stretn&uacute;&#357; &nbsp;de&#357;mi, ktor&eacute; maj&uacute; pocit, &#382;e im nikto nerozumie, &#382;e ich rodi&#269;ia ne&#318;&uacute;bia a &#382;e im na nich vlastne nez&aacute;le&#382;&iacute;.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pre&#269;o m&aacute; die&#357;a odrazu pocit, &#382;e ho rodi&#269;ia nemiluj&uacute;, &#382;e nie je prij&iacute;man&eacute; a &#382;e mu nerozumej&uacute;? Kedy a ako sa toto udeje? S&uacute; za tieto pocity det&iacute; zodpovedn&iacute; rodi&#269;ia? Zlyhali vo v&yacute;chove? Nie&#269;o zanedbali?&nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pri rozuzlen&iacute; tohto pocitu, kedy sa die&#357;a nec&iacute;ti milovan&eacute; a prij&iacute;man&eacute;, po&#271;me rozmot&aacute;va&#357; vz&#357;ahy a em&oacute;cie od za&#269;iatku&hellip;&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&hellip; V&auml;&#269;&scaron;ina rodi&#269;ov m&aacute; predstavu o svojom die&#357;ati, vie, ak&eacute; talenty maj&uacute; ich deti, &#269;o ich pote&scaron;&iacute;, &#269;o ich povzbud&iacute;, &#269;o rozhnev&aacute;&hellip; Rodi&#269;ia aj v&#271;aka tomu, &#382;e die&#357;a poznaj&uacute; a miluj&uacute; ho, maj&uacute; na neho najv&auml;&#269;&scaron;&iacute; vplyv.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">&nbsp;Nie je ni&#269; silnej&scaron;ie, ako vplyv rodi&#269;ov na svoje die&#357;a</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">. Vz&#357;ah rodi&#269; a die&#357;a determinuje v&scaron;etko - aj to, &#269;i je die&#357;a &scaron;&#357;astn&eacute;, &#269;i m&aacute; pocit istoty, d&ocirc;very, &#269;i sa dok&aacute;&#382;e socializova&#357;, hra&#357; sa, komunikova&#357;&hellip; V tomto najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;om vz&#357;ahu si rodi&#269; a die&#357;a prejavuj&uacute; l&aacute;sku, ktor&aacute; je t&aacute; najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ia.&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pre&#269;o?</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;Preto&#382;e v&scaron;etko ostatn&eacute; v &#269;om nie je l&aacute;ska, ka&#382;d&yacute; z&aacute;kaz, ka&#382;d&eacute; v&yacute;chovn&eacute; gesto, slov&aacute;, discipl&iacute;na bez l&aacute;sky, prin&aacute;&scaron;a probl&eacute;my, sm&uacute;tok a sklamanie. Die&#357;a potrebuje st&aacute;le nanovo za&#382;&iacute;va&#357; l&aacute;sku rodi&#269;a. Aj v pr&iacute;snych slov&aacute;ch, aj v discipl&iacute;ne, aj v n&aacute;ro&#269;nosti m&aacute; by&#357; l&aacute;ska. Bezpodmiene&#269;n&aacute; l&aacute;ska. Vo v&scaron;etkom, &nbsp;v &#269;om die&#357;a vyrast&aacute; m&aacute; by&#357; l&aacute;ska. Ak ch&yacute;ba, tak discipl&iacute;na je len oby&#269;ajn&yacute; dril die&#357;a&#357;a, n&aacute;ro&#269;nos&#357; bez l&aacute;sky je len pr&iacute;snos&#357; bez s&uacute;citu a prijatia&hellip;&nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Die&#357;a potrebuje prij&iacute;ma&#357; a c&iacute;ti&#357; bezpodmiene&#269;n&uacute; l&aacute;sku. Preto&#382;e m&aacute; v sebe &ldquo;citov&uacute; n&aacute;dr&#382;&rdquo;, ktor&aacute; je pr&aacute;zdna a rodi&#269;ia ju maj&uacute; naplni&#357;. Chyba nast&aacute;va, ak rodi&#269;ia netu&scaron;ia, &#382;e hoci l&aacute;sku c&iacute;tia, nevedia ju preuk&aacute;za&#357;. Tu sa to teda men&iacute; a za&#269;&iacute;na, tu nast&aacute;va pocit die&#357;a&#357;a, &#382;e v skuto&#269;nosti nie je milovan&eacute;. Ak rodi&#269;ia &#318;&uacute;bia svoje deti, ale to nevedia preuk&aacute;za&#357;. &ldquo;Citov&aacute; n&aacute;dr&#382;&rdquo; sa prest&aacute;va nap&#314;&#328;a&#357; a rodi&#269;ia to nemusia zisti&#357;.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ako teda naozaj nap&#314;&#328;a&#357; &ldquo;citov&uacute; n&aacute;dr&#382;&rdquo; die&#357;a&#357;a? Tak, &#382;e rodi&#269;ia svoju bezpodmiene&#269;n&uacute; l&aacute;sku preuk&aacute;zuj&uacute; die&#357;a&#357;u r&ocirc;znymi sp&ocirc;sobmi:</span></span><ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">telesn&yacute; kontakt</li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">akt&iacute;vne po&#269;&uacute;vanie a pozornos&#357;</li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">o&#269;n&yacute; kontakt</li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">bezpodmiene&#269;n&eacute; prijatie</li></ul><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">Telesn&yacute; kontakt</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;potrebuj&uacute; aj chlapci, aj diev&#269;at&aacute;. Potrebuj&uacute; pohladenie, objatie, nosenie na ruk&aacute;ch, prit&uacute;lenie sa. Chlapci prij&iacute;maj&uacute; do jedn&eacute;ho roku v priemere p&auml;&#357;kr&aacute;t menej telesn&yacute;ch prejavov l&aacute;sky ako diev&#269;at&aacute;. Pri&#269;om potreba telesn&eacute;ho kontaktu je u chlapcov najv&auml;&#269;&scaron;ia pr&aacute;ve v &uacute;tlom veku. &nbsp;Ak die&#357;a vyrast&aacute; v rodine, kde m&aacute; nas&yacute;ten&uacute; t&uacute;to potrebu telesn&eacute;ho kontaktu, vyrast&aacute; z neho spokojn&eacute;, sebavedom&eacute;, &scaron;&#357;astn&eacute; die&#357;a, ktor&eacute; komunikuje bez probl&eacute;mov. Telesn&yacute; kontakt - pohladenie, dr&#382;anie za ruku, nosenie&hellip; je najvidite&#318;nej&scaron;&iacute; sp&ocirc;sob, ak&yacute;m rodi&#269;ia prejavuj&uacute; l&aacute;sku vo&#269;i svojim de&#357;om.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">Akt&iacute;vne po&#269;&uacute;vanie a pozornos&#357;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;znamen&aacute;, &#382;e die&#357;a&#357;u venujeme nepreru&scaron;ovan&uacute; pozornos&#357;, aby sa c&iacute;tilo v tej danej chv&iacute;li d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute; a prij&iacute;man&eacute;. &#381;e rodi&#269; vie, &#269;o hovor&iacute; a rozumie die&#357;a&#357;u. Prostredn&iacute;ctvom rodi&#269;ovskej pozornosti a po&#269;&uacute;vania die&#357;a z&iacute;skava pocit vlastnej hodnoty, z&aacute;klady zdrav&eacute;ho sebavedomia. Pozornos&#357; a po&#269;&uacute;vanie je nutn&eacute; nielen vtedy, ke&#271; to die&#357;a potrebuje a nielen vtedy, ke&#271; na to m&aacute;me &#269;as. Aj pre toto je venovanie pozornosti a s&uacute;streden&eacute;ho akt&iacute;vneho po&#269;&uacute;vania n&aacute;ro&#269;n&eacute;. Zaberie n&aacute;m to najviac &#269;asu, energie, ale po&#269;&uacute;va&#357; a venova&#357; sa die&#357;a&#357;u je nesmierne d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute; aj pre n&aacute;s. Spozn&aacute;vame tak die&#357;a a priamo mu slovami a svojou bytos&#357;ou preukazujeme na&scaron;u l&aacute;sku. To, ako vn&iacute;ma die&#357;a samo seba a svoje okolie z&aacute;vis&iacute; pr&aacute;ve od toho, ko&#318;ko &#269;asu rodi&#269; venuje die&#357;a&#357;u, ko&#318;ko chv&iacute;&#318; m&aacute; die&#357;a pre seba a svojich rodi&#269;ov. Bez rodi&#269;ovskej pozornosti a po&#269;&uacute;vania sa die&#357;a st&aacute;va &uacute;zkostliv&eacute;, neist&eacute;, zle komunikuj&uacute;ce a nepov&scaron;imnut&eacute;.</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">O&#269;n&yacute; kontakt</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;je priamy poh&#318;ad do o&#269;&iacute; die&#357;a&#357;a. Die&#357;a, ktor&eacute; vie nadviaza&#357; o&#269;n&yacute; kontakt s rodi&#269;om, je prostredn&iacute;ctvom neho ubezpe&#269;ovan&eacute;, &#382;e je milovan&eacute; a prij&iacute;man&eacute;. Prostredn&iacute;ctvom neho dok&aacute;&#382;u nadv&auml;zova&#357; komunik&aacute;ciu s die&#357;a&#357;om. Rodi&#269;ia maj&uacute; &#269;asto zvyk, &#382;e vyu&#382;&iacute;vaj&uacute; o&#269;n&yacute; kontakt len v pr&iacute;padoch, kedy die&#357;a&#357;u nie&#269;o zd&ocirc;raz&#328;uj&uacute; alebo vysvet&#318;uj&uacute;. Die&#357;a toti&#382; najlep&scaron;ie vn&iacute;ma vtedy, ke&#271; sa mu pozer&aacute;me priamo do o&#269;&iacute;. Ak rodi&#269; odmieta alebo eliminuje o&#269;n&yacute; kontakt so svoj&iacute;m die&#357;a&#357;om, je to pre neho bolestiv&eacute;. L&aacute;sku maj&uacute; rodi&#269;ia prejavova&#357; st&aacute;le, nielen vtedy, ak s&uacute; s die&#357;a&#357;om spokojn&iacute;, ak naplnilo ich o&#269;ak&aacute;vania, &#269;i nezlyh&aacute;va. Die&#357;a, ktor&eacute; sa c&iacute;ti milovan&eacute;, sa vie pozera&#357; do o&#269;&iacute;, je zdravo sebavedom&eacute; a s &#318;ahkos&#357;ou komunikuje, je spokojn&eacute; so sebou a so svoj&iacute;m okol&iacute;m.<br />&#8203;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:700">Bezpodmiene&#269;n&eacute; prijatie&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">je z&aacute;kladn&yacute;m vz&#357;ahom rodi&#269;a k die&#357;a&#357;u. Bezpodmiene&#269;n&eacute; prijatie je naplnenie v&scaron;etk&yacute;ch citov&yacute;ch potrieb die&#357;a&#357;a, v&#271;aka ktor&eacute;mu dok&aacute;&#382;e r&aacute;s&#357; a rozv&iacute;ja&#357; sa, poci&#357;uje pocit bezpe&#269;ia, prijatia a l&aacute;sky.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak rodi&#269; bezpodmiene&#269;ne pr&iacute;jme die&#357;a bez oh&#318;adu na okolnosti (poslu&scaron;nos&#357; die&#357;a&#357;a, jeho v&yacute;kony, dobr&eacute; vlastnosti &#269;i zl&eacute; vlastnosti&hellip;), bude ho vedie&#357; v&#382;dy spr&aacute;vne vychov&aacute;va&#357;. Pre&#269;o? Preto&#382;e v&#271;aka bezpodmiene&#269;n&eacute;mu prijatiu a s l&aacute;skou plne pochop&iacute; die&#357;a a jeho spr&aacute;vanie. Bude ho milova&#357; bez v&yacute;hrad, bez oh&#318;adu na jeho spr&aacute;vanie, bez oh&#318;adu na naplnenie rodi&#269;ovsk&yacute;ch predst&aacute;v a o&#269;ak&aacute;van&iacute; vo&#269;i die&#357;a&#357;u.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak v&scaron;ak rodi&#269; prejavuje l&aacute;sku, o&#269;n&yacute; kontakt, pozornos&#357;, po&#269;&uacute;vanie len vtedy, ak je spokojn&iacute; s die&#357;a&#357;om, tak deti sa nebud&uacute; c&iacute;ti&#357; skuto&#269;ne milovan&eacute;. Naopak, bud&uacute; sa c&iacute;ti&#357; neist&eacute;, bez sebavedomia a bud&uacute; vyrasta&#357; s pocitom, &#382;e nikdy nespravia dos&#357;, aby si zasl&uacute;&#382;ili bezpodmiene&#269;n&uacute; l&aacute;sku od rodi&#269;a.&nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Rodi&#269;ia miluj&uacute; svoje die&#357;a a ich &uacute;lohou je tie&#382; ukazova&#357; l&aacute;sku svojim de&#357;om tak, ako to potrebuj&uacute;. Skuto&#269;ne deti milova&#357;, prija&#357; ich aj v slab&yacute;ch d&#328;och, po&#269;&uacute;va&#357; ich, pozera&#357; sa a vn&iacute;ma&#357; ich&hellip;Pr&aacute;ve preto som v&aacute;m pon&uacute;kla nieko&#318;ko sp&ocirc;sobov, ak&yacute;mi m&ocirc;&#382;ete uis&#357;ova&#357; die&#357;a o svojej l&aacute;ske a budova&#357; si tak vz&#357;ah a rodi&#269;ovstvo nech je pre v&aacute;s tak rados&#357;ou a naplnen&iacute;m.&nbsp;</span></span>&#8203;</div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ako rozvíjať inteligenciu u detí?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/ako-rozvijat-inteligenciu-u-deti]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/ako-rozvijat-inteligenciu-u-deti#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 17 Apr 2018 14:26:11 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/ako-rozvijat-inteligenciu-u-deti</guid><description><![CDATA[Pova&#382;ujete inteligenciu za dan&uacute; a nemenn&uacute;? Mysl&iacute;te si, &#382;e je geneticky podmienen&aacute;? Spolo&#269;nos&#357; sa dlho domnievala, &#382;e inteligencia je geneticky podmienen&aacute;, pri&#269;om &#382;ivotn&eacute; a soci&aacute;lne prostredie, v ktorom jedinec vyrast&aacute; ur&#269;uje, do akej miery si uvedom&iacute; svoj inteligen&#269;n&yacute; potenci&aacute;l.&nbsp; Mysleli sme si, &#382;e charakter, inteligencia a kreativita s&uacute; staticky dan&eacute;  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph" style="text-align:justify;"><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Pova&#382;ujete inteligenciu za dan&uacute; a nemenn&uacute;? Mysl&iacute;te si, &#382;e je geneticky podmienen&aacute;? </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Spolo&#269;nos&#357; sa dlho domnievala, &#382;e inteligencia je geneticky podmienen&aacute;, pri&#269;om &#382;ivotn&eacute; a soci&aacute;lne prostredie, v ktorom jedinec vyrast&aacute; ur&#269;uje, do akej miery si uvedom&iacute; svoj inteligen&#269;n&yacute; potenci&aacute;l.&nbsp; Mysleli sme si, &#382;e charakter, inteligencia a kreativita s&uacute; staticky dan&eacute; a nem&ocirc;&#382;me na nich pracova&#357;, zlep&scaron;ova&#357; ich, preto&#382;e ich bu&#271; m&aacute;me alebo nem&aacute;me.</span></span><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Je to naozaj tak, &#382;e s na&scaron;ou inteligenciou nem&ocirc;&#382;me ni&#269; robi&#357; a vlastne na z&aacute;klade n&aacute;&scaron;ho prostredia, v ktorom &#382;ijeme sa ur&#269;uje, kde sa nach&aacute;dzame na &scaron;k&aacute;le hodnoty inteligencie? </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">V s&uacute;&#269;asnosti sa na z&aacute;klade v&yacute;skumov a ich v&yacute;sledkov prijal fakt, &#382;e inteligenciu mo&#382;no rozv&iacute;ja&#357;.<em> &Aacute;no, rod&iacute;me sa s genetick&yacute;m potenci&aacute;lom, ale v priebehu &#382;ivota dok&aacute;&#382;eme na&scaron;u inteligenciu meni&#357;.</em></span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em> Ka&#382;d&yacute; &#269;lovek disponuje ur&#269;it&yacute;mi schopnos&#357;ami a vlohami, av&scaron;ak t&aacute;to na&scaron;a unik&aacute;tnos&#357; n&aacute;m nem&ocirc;&#382;e zabra&#328;ova&#357; v osobnostom rozvoji.</em> &nbsp;</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Americk&aacute; psychologi&#269;ka Carol Dweck hovor&iacute;, &#382;e mozog je sval, ktor&yacute; sa tr&eacute;novan&iacute;m dok&aacute;&#382;e zmeni&#357;. Pri tr&eacute;novan&iacute; mozgu sa prep&aacute;jaj&uacute; synapsie - sta&#269;&iacute; sa nez&#318;akn&uacute;&#357; probl&eacute;mu a &#357;a&#382;kost&iacute; a sna&#382;i&#357; sa ich zdola&#357;. Ak sa to aj nepodar&iacute;, neznamen&aacute; to, &#382;e to u&#382; nikdy nedok&aacute;&#382;eme. Jednoducho sa u&#269;&iacute;me a aj n&aacute;&scaron; mozog. </span></span><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak si chcete viac pre&#269;&iacute;ta&#357; o tejto v&yacute;nimo&#269;nej &#382;ene a jej pokusoch, praxi a te&oacute;ri&iacute; o rast&uacute;cej flexibilnej mysle a chv&aacute;len&iacute; det&iacute;, pre&#269;&iacute;tajte si m&ocirc;j &#269;l&aacute;nok </span><a href="http://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/nici-pochvala-moje-dieta"><span style="color:rgb(17, 85, 204)">http://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/nici-pochvala-moje-dieta</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> ). </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>M&ocirc;&#382;eme si mozog vytr&eacute;nova&#357; tak, ako si &scaron;portovec m&ocirc;&#382;e zlep&scaron;i&#357; svoje &scaron;portov&eacute; schopnosti</em> (drilom, tr&eacute;novan&iacute;m, vhodnou stravou a opakovan&iacute;m)<em>? M&ocirc;&#382;me zmeni&#357; aj svoju inteligenciu?</em> &#268;&iacute;m viac tr&eacute;nujeme, rozm&yacute;&scaron;&#318;ame, rie&scaron;ime, nevzd&aacute;vame sa, t&yacute;m viac z&iacute;skavame pre n&aacute;&scaron; mozog. Ktoko&#318;vek m&ocirc;&#382;e takto zv&yacute;&scaron;i&#357; svoju inteligenciu a to bez oh&#318;adu na to, ak&aacute; je v&yacute;chodiskov&aacute; hodnota nameran&eacute;ho IQ. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">V s&uacute;vislosti s vedom&iacute;m, &#382;e inteligenciu mo&#382;no meni&#357;, som &#269;&iacute;tala &#269;l&aacute;nok od americk&eacute;ho psychiatra, ktor&yacute; pracoval s de&#357;mi s poruchami autistick&eacute;ho spektra. Spomenul jedn&eacute;ho svojho pacienta, ktor&yacute; na za&#269;iatku, ke&#271; sa stretli, mal nameran&eacute; IQ 80. T&aacute;to hodnota je hrani&#269;n&aacute; pre ment&aacute;lnu retard&aacute;ciu. Psychiater ho u&#269;il po&#269;&iacute;ta&#357;, &#269;&iacute;ta&#357;, hra&#357; sa, u&#269;il ho komunikova&#357; a po troch rokoch pr&aacute;ce s t&yacute;mto chlapcom mu znovu spravil inteligen&#269;n&yacute; test. &#268;o si mysl&iacute;te, ak&eacute; IQ namerali tomuto chlapcovi s poruchou autistick&eacute;ho spektra? Hodnota jeho inteligen&#269;n&eacute;ho testu bola 100. Toto &#269;&iacute;slo sa u&#382; pova&#382;uje za priemern&eacute; v porovnan&iacute; s celkovou popul&aacute;ciou. Jeho inteligen&#269;n&yacute; kvocient sa pr&aacute;cou a rozv&iacute;jan&iacute;m, u&#269;en&iacute;m zv&yacute;&scaron;il o 20bodov.</span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Vyvst&aacute;va tu ot&aacute;zka, &#382;e ak tak&eacute;to deti dok&aacute;&#382;u urobi&#357; ve&#318;k&yacute; pokrok, pre&#269;o by to nemohli dosiahnu&#357; priemern&eacute; deti, priemern&yacute; &#269;lovek? Kognit&iacute;vne fungovanie &#269;loveka sa toti&#382; vhodn&yacute;m tr&eacute;ningom d&aacute; zv&yacute;&scaron;i&#357;. </span></span><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><br />Ak&yacute; je to teda tr&eacute;ning?</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ke&#271;&#382;e t&aacute;to oblas&#357; v&yacute;chovy, zlep&scaron;ovanie inteligencie je nielen zauj&iacute;mav&aacute;, ale aj ob&scaron;&iacute;rn&aacute;, povieme si zop&aacute;r sp&ocirc;sobov tr&eacute;ningu, ktor&yacute; pom&ocirc;&#382;e nielen n&aacute;m dospel&yacute;m, ale i de&#357;om. </span></span><br /><ul><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><span><em>Zmena poh&#318;adu na &uacute;spech a ne&uacute;spech.</em> </span><span>Nau&#269;me deti (ale i seba), &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute;m &#271;al&scaron;&iacute;m&nbsp;</span><span>pokusom, opakovan&iacute;m sk&uacute;&scaron;ky a precvi&#269;ovan&iacute;m sa n&aacute;m mozog tr&eacute;nuje. Naber&aacute;me nov&eacute; sk&uacute;senosti, nov&eacute; mozgov&eacute; spojenia. U&#269;enie nie je statick&eacute; a nie je len o v&yacute;sledku. Je to o s&uacute;stredenosti, odvahe zlyha&#357;, je to o &uacute;sil&iacute; a neust&aacute;lom sa zlep&scaron;ovan&iacute;. Nezauj&iacute;ma n&aacute;s len v&yacute;sledok, ale cesta k nemu. </span></span><br /></li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;">Uvedomi&#357; si, &#382;e mozog je sval</span></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;"><em>.</em> Je to sval, ktor&yacute; m&ocirc;&#382;e by&#357; tr&eacute;novan&yacute; a rozv&iacute;jan&yacute; u&#269;en&iacute;m. Die&#357;a sa st&aacute;va m&uacute;drej&scaron;ie v&#271;aka tomu, &#382;e sa u&#269;&iacute;. V&#382;dy, ke&#271; sa nie&#269;o nov&eacute; nau&#269;&iacute;, nie&#269;o nov&eacute; za&#382;ije, neur&oacute;ny v jeho mozgu vytv&aacute;raj&uacute; nov&eacute; silnej&scaron;ie prepojenia.</span><br /></li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;">M&ocirc;&#382;me rozv&iacute;ja&#357; viac inteligenci&iacute; naraz.</span></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;">Ako?</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;"> Napr&iacute;klad tancom. Ak tancujete, rozv&iacute;jate si svoju priestorov&uacute; inteligenciu, soci&aacute;lnu inteligenciu, hudobn&uacute; inteligenciu a aj telesn&uacute; inteligenciu</span>&nbsp;<span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">A &#269;o hra na hudobnom n&aacute;stroji? U seba, alebo u die&#357;a&#357;a rozv&iacute;jate hudobn&uacute; inteligenciu, telesn&uacute; inteligenciu a matematick&uacute;/logick&uacute; inteligenciu. </span></span><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Uvedomte si, &#382;e nielen samotn&eacute; u&#269;enie rozv&iacute;ja inteligenciu, ale aj ak&eacute;ko&#318;vek aktivity, hry, &#269;&iacute;tanie&hellip;</span></span><br /></li><li style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"></span></span><span><em><span>Ve&#271;te svoje deti vo vz&#357;ahu ku &scaron;kole a k vzdel&aacute;vaniu sa.</span></em><span> Odhaduje sa, &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute; rok vzdel&aacute;vania prid&aacute;va dva a&#382; tri body na inteligencii &#382;iaka. Ve&#271;te deti k l&aacute;ske k u&#269;eniu, k vedomostiam. Uvedomte si, &#269;o je naozaj d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute;. &#268;i je to pln&yacute; po&#269;et na testoch alebo hodiny pre&#269;&iacute;tan&yacute;ch kn&iacute;h. S&uacute; d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute; sam&eacute; jednotky alebo chu&#357; aj po trojke si znova zopakova&#357; matematiku? Ja viem, &scaron;kolstvo vy&#382;aduje a oce&#328;uje t&yacute;ch bez zlyh&aacute;van&iacute;. Ale pr&aacute;ve to, &#382;e die&#357;a sa neboj&iacute; zlyh&aacute;va&#357;, &#382;e sa neboj&iacute;, &#382;e nap&iacute;&scaron;e zle p&iacute;somku, preto&#382;e to nie je smerodajn&eacute;, jeho mozog a jeho myse&#318; m&aacute; kapacitu r&aacute;s&#357; bez stresu a strachu. Bude sa &#271;alej cvi&#269;i&#357; a u&#269;i&#357;. </span></span></li></ul><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><br />&#8203;Tak, ako detsk&yacute; mozog, tak aj mozog dospel&eacute;ho &#269;loveka je plastick&yacute;. Dok&aacute;&#382;eme zlep&scaron;i&#357; synaptick&eacute; prepojenia, prostredn&iacute;ctvom procesu u&#269;enia a tvorby, v&#271;aka &uacute;siliu dok&aacute;&#382;eme svoj mozog rozv&iacute;ja&#357;. Vedomie, &#382;e to, &#269;o dnes nevieme, sa m&ocirc;&#382;me nau&#269;i&#357;, preto&#382;e m&aacute;me na to predpoklady, je &uacute;&#382;a&scaron;n&eacute;. Limity, ktor&eacute; sme si mysleli, &#382;e m&aacute;me, odrazu v&#271;aka tr&eacute;ningu, otvorenej mysle a nez&#318;aknutiu sa ne&uacute;spechu jednoducho vymizn&uacute;. </span></span><br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ničí pochvala moje dieťa?]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/nici-pochvala-moje-dieta]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/nici-pochvala-moje-dieta#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2018 07:00:03 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.mamedeti.sk/blog/nici-pochvala-moje-dieta</guid><description><![CDATA[Po&#269;uli ste u&#382; o tom, &#382;e pochvala zab&iacute;ja motiv&aacute;ciu die&#357;a&#357;a? &#381;e vlastne chv&aacute;len&iacute;m rob&iacute;te &ldquo;medvediu slu&#382;bu&rdquo; svojmu die&#357;a&#357;u. A &#269;o vy - chv&aacute;lite svoje die&#357;a? &Aacute;no, nie? Rob&iacute;te naozaj dobre? Ako to v skuto&#269;nosti je? Treba chv&aacute;li&#357; die&#357;a alebo nie? Ot&aacute;zka neznie, &#269;i chv&aacute;li&#357; die&#357;a, ale ako chv&aacute;li&#357; die&#357;a. Pozrime sa sp [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph" style="text-align:justify;"><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Po&#269;uli ste u&#382; o tom, &#382;e pochvala zab&iacute;ja motiv&aacute;ciu die&#357;a&#357;a? &#381;e vlastne chv&aacute;len&iacute;m rob&iacute;te &ldquo;medvediu slu&#382;bu&rdquo; svojmu die&#357;a&#357;u. A &#269;o vy - chv&aacute;lite svoje die&#357;a? &Aacute;no, nie? Rob&iacute;te naozaj dobre? Ako to v skuto&#269;nosti je? Treba chv&aacute;li&#357; die&#357;a alebo nie? </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ot&aacute;zka neznie, &#269;i chv&aacute;li&#357; die&#357;a, ale ako chv&aacute;li&#357; die&#357;a.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Pozrime sa spolu na t&uacute;to zauj&iacute;mav&uacute; t&eacute;mu a zist&iacute;me, &#382;e pochvalou m&ocirc;&#382;ete naozaj u die&#357;a&#357;a &ldquo;zabi&#357;&rdquo; jeho sna&#382;ivos&#357; a cie&#318;avedomos&#357; alebo naopak, m&ocirc;&#382;ete mu pom&ocirc;c&#357; vytvori&#357; si takzvan&uacute; </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">growth mindset - &ldquo;flexibiln&uacute; myse&#318;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&rdquo;. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>Growth mindset</em> je myse&#318;, sp&ocirc;sob myslenia, ktor&eacute; die&#357;a m&ocirc;&#382;e posun&uacute;&#357; &#271;alej, ne&#382; ste si kedy mysleli. Mozog je vlastne &ldquo;rast&uacute;ca myse&#318;&rdquo;, s&uacute; to svaly, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; posil&#328;ovan&eacute; pr&aacute;cou, rozm&yacute;&scaron;&#318;an&iacute;m a vytrvalos&#357;ou &#269;i rie&scaron;en&iacute;m probl&eacute;mov. </span></span><br /><span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Odkia&#318; sa t&aacute;to growth mindset nabrala?</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Autorkou je to standfortsk&aacute; profesorka psychol&oacute;gie Carol Dweck, ktor&aacute; sa oblas&#357;ou pochv&aacute;l a growth mindset zaober&aacute; 40 rokov. Prizn&aacute;vam, &#382;e t&aacute;to pani u m&#328;a doslova prekopala v&yacute;znam pochv&aacute;l. </span></span><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Najprv sa zamyslime nad t&yacute;m, ako vlastne chv&aacute;lite svoje deti. Chv&aacute;lite ich za v&yacute;sledok - za zn&aacute;mky, za pekne nap&iacute;san&uacute; &uacute;lohu, upratan&uacute; izbu alebo svoje deti chv&aacute;lite za proces, ktor&yacute;m dosiahnu dobr&uacute; zn&aacute;mku &#269;i upratan&uacute; izbu? </span></span></em><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&#268;o sa stane, ak chv&aacute;lite die&#357;a za v&yacute;sledok? Ak ho chv&aacute;lite za ka&#382;d&uacute; drobnos&#357;, za ka&#382;d&yacute; vydaren&yacute; obr&aacute;zok, za &scaron;ikovnos&#357;... Ak die&#357;a&#357;u hovor&iacute;te, &#382;e ste vedeli, &#382;e dostane dobr&uacute; zn&aacute;mku z matematiky, preto&#382;e je &scaron;ikovn&yacute; a nadan&yacute;, inteligentn&yacute;&hellip; viete, &#269;o u neho vytv&aacute;rate? </span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Vytv&aacute;rate u neho z&aacute;vislos&#357; na pochval&aacute;ch.</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Pri tejto z&aacute;vislosti bude die&#357;a o&#269;ak&aacute;va&#357; v&#382;dy a st&aacute;le, &#382;e bude pochv&aacute;len&eacute; za ak&uacute;ko&#318;vek &#269;innos&#357;, aktivitu. </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Vytv&aacute;rate u neho pr&aacute;zdnu motiv&aacute;ciu - robi&#357; veci pre pochvaly, pre zn&aacute;mky.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Ak teda die&#357;a chv&aacute;lite napr&iacute;klad za jeho prirodzen&eacute; nadanie na matematiku a odrazu dostane zl&uacute; zn&aacute;mku z matematiky, &#269;o si bude myslie&#357;? Nebude zo seba sklaman&eacute; a frustrovan&eacute;? Ve&#271; to&#318;kokr&aacute;t po&#269;ulo, &#382;e je &scaron;ikovn&eacute; na po&#269;&iacute;tanie. U&#382; teda nie je? &nbsp;Kam sa podela jeho schopnos&#357; a nadanie na jednotky z matematiky? Takto postupne prestane ma&#357; rado matematiku, preto&#382;e nevn&iacute;ma, &#382;e u&#269;enie je proces. Je zameran&eacute; na zn&aacute;mky a vie, &#382;e u&#382; raz &ldquo;zlyhalo&rdquo;. &#268;i&#382;e nedostalo pochvalu a do bud&uacute;cna sa rad&scaron;ej bude vyh&yacute;ba&#357; mo&#382;n&yacute;m zlyhaniam a riziku.</span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>Ako je to ale u det&iacute;, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; chv&aacute;len&eacute; za proces, za snahu a za &uacute;silie?</em> </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Deti, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; chv&aacute;len&eacute; za svoje &uacute;silie, sa neust&aacute;le pok&uacute;&scaron;aj&uacute; a neboja sa zlyhania. Rodi&#269;ia u nich spr&aacute;vnou pochvalou vybudovali growth mindset, ktor&aacute; ich st&aacute;le motivuje. Vedia, &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute;m vyrie&scaron;en&yacute;m probl&eacute;mom postupuj&uacute; bli&#382;&scaron;ie k svojmu cie&#318;u, vedia, &#382;e omyly a chyby s&uacute; v procese u&#269;enia prirodzen&eacute; a nie s&uacute; zlyhan&iacute;m, ktor&eacute;mu sa maj&uacute; vyh&yacute;ba&#357;. Ich cie&#318;om nie s&uacute; jednotky ani pln&yacute; po&#269;et bodov na p&iacute;somkach a napreduj&uacute; nielen v &scaron;kole, ale aj vo vz&#357;ahoch v rodine a s kamar&aacute;tmi. <br /></span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Jeden v&yacute;skum sa zaoberal pochvalami matiek, ktor&eacute; chv&aacute;lia svoje deti vo veku 1 a&#382; 3 roky za proces (&#269;i&#382;e nie &ldquo;ty si &scaron;ikovn&aacute;&rdquo;, &ldquo;ty si ale kr&aacute;sna&rdquo;, &ldquo;ak&yacute; si m&uacute;dry&rdquo;, ale &ldquo;naozaj sa sna&#382;&iacute;&scaron;&rdquo;, &ldquo;p&aacute;&#269;i sa mi, &#382;e si trpezliv&aacute;&rdquo;...). Po piatich rokoch sa tieto matky, ktor&eacute; chv&aacute;lili deti za proces pri hr&aacute;ch, vytv&aacute;ran&iacute;, spozn&aacute;van&iacute; sveta, vr&aacute;tili na v&yacute;skum. Sk&uacute;ste odhadn&uacute;&#357;, ako p&ocirc;sobila tak&aacute;to forma pochvaly na deti? Zistilo sa, &#382;e tak&aacute;to pochvala dok&aacute;&#382;e ovplyvni&#357; detsk&uacute; mentalitu, t&uacute;&#382;bu po v&yacute;zve, po u&#269;en&iacute; sa nov&eacute;ho a&#382; o p&auml;&#357; rokov nesk&ocirc;r. </span></span><br /><em><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Tak&#382;e, vy priamo dok&aacute;&#382;e u&#382; teraz ovplyvni&#357;, ako sa va&scaron;e die&#357;a bude stava&#357; ku prek&aacute;&#382;kam a ne&uacute;spechom o p&auml;&#357; rokov nesk&ocirc;r. Nie je to &uacute;&#382;asn&eacute;? Nie je to pre v&aacute;s motivuj&uacute;ce? </span></span></em><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em>&#268;o sa &#271;alej skr&yacute;va za pochvalami, ktor&eacute; neprodukuj&uacute; z&aacute;vislos&#357; od nich, ktor&eacute; nie s&uacute; v&scaron;eobecn&eacute; a chv&aacute;liace len v&yacute;sledok?</em> Deti, ktor&eacute; boli motivovan&eacute; slovami o ich usilovnosti, vytrvalosti a hu&#382;evnatosti, v &scaron;kole lep&scaron;ie pracovali, neb&aacute;li sa ne&uacute;spechu a nemali pocit, &#382;e zlyhali. Mali rozvinut&uacute; vn&uacute;torn&uacute; motiv&aacute;ciu k u&#269;eniu, poznaniu a sk&uacute;&scaron;aniu nov&yacute;ch vec&iacute; a inform&aacute;ci&iacute;. Tak&eacute;to deti vn&iacute;maj&uacute;, &#382;e u&#269;enie je proces, kde m&ocirc;&#382;u a maj&uacute; zlyh&aacute;va&#357;. &#381;e to, &#382;e sa im nie&#269;o nepodar&iacute; neznamen&aacute;, &#382;e s&uacute; hl&uacute;pe, &#269;i nemaj&uacute; nadanie. Vedia, &#382;e sa to m&ocirc;&#382;u znovu nau&#269;i&#357;, vysk&uacute;&scaron;a&#357; a napredova&#357;, &#382;e svoj mozog m&ocirc;&#382;u tr&eacute;nova&#357;. To, &#382;e to teraz nevedia, neznamen&aacute;, &#382;e to nezvl&aacute;dnu nikdy. </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">C. Dweck okrem in&eacute;ho spom&iacute;na pr&iacute;klad desa&#357;ro&#269;n&yacute;ch det&iacute;, ktor&yacute;m zadali &uacute;lohy, ktor&eacute; boli &#357;a&#382;&scaron;ie ako boli schopn&eacute; zvl&aacute;dnu&#357;. Zis&#357;ovala, ako sa deti bud&uacute; spr&aacute;va&#357;. Ako teda? Niektor&eacute; deti sa te&scaron;ili, &#382;e sa nie&#269;o nov&eacute; nau&#269;ia. In&eacute; boli sklaman&eacute; a smutn&eacute;, preto&#382;e vedeli, &#382;e &uacute;lohy nezvl&aacute;dnu. Vedeli, &#382;e niekto bude posudzova&#357; ich schopnosti a oni zlyhaj&uacute;. Po teste sa vyjadrili, &#382;e nabud&uacute;ce, aby sa vyhli svojmu sklamaniu, bud&uacute; rad&scaron;ej podv&aacute;dza&#357;. &nbsp;</span></span><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Potom tieto deti h&#318;adali niekoho, kto dopadol v teste hor&scaron;ie ako ony, aby mohli ma&#357; zo seba lep&scaron;&iacute; pocit. T&iacute;to &#382;iaci unikaj&uacute; pred &#357;a&#382;kos&#357;ami a boja sa robi&#357; chyby. </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">C. Dweck tak&uacute;to formu myslenia a spr&aacute;vania pomen&uacute;va</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><em> fix mindsed</em> (&ldquo;pevn&aacute; myse&#318;&rdquo;)</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">. A naopak, deti, ktor&eacute; sa nez&#318;akli a nebrali &#357;a&#382;k&eacute; testy ako svoje zlyhanie, maj&uacute; </span><em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">growth mindset.</span></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> V&#382;dy, ke&#271; v&yacute;jdu zo svojej z&oacute;ny pohodlia, aby sa nie&#269;o nov&eacute; nau&#269;ili, neur&oacute;ny v ich mozgu vytv&aacute;raj&uacute; nov&eacute; silnej&scaron;ie prepojenia. Toto rozvojov&eacute; myslenie m&ocirc;&#382;e meni&#357; a ovplyv&#328;ova&#357; aj zn&aacute;mky v &scaron;kole, vz&#357;ahy s rovesn&iacute;kmi, s rodinou. </span></span><br /><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Tak ako teda chv&aacute;lime deti? Ako ich chv&aacute;lite vy? Zamysleli ste sa niekedy nad t&yacute;m, ako pochvala dok&aacute;&#382;e na dlh&uacute; dobu vopred ovplyvni&#357; die&#357;a, jeho postoj k chyb&aacute;m, &#357;a&#382;&scaron;&iacute;m sk&uacute;&scaron;kam &#269;i &scaron;kole? Ak&eacute; deti vyrastaj&uacute; aj v&#271;aka na&scaron;im pochval&aacute;m? Nes&uacute; si deti potrebu neust&aacute;leho hodnotenia? T&uacute;&#382;ia len po jednotk&aacute;ch a plnom po&#269;te bodov na p&iacute;somkach? Potrebuj&uacute; neust&aacute;le oce&#328;ovanie? </span></span><br /><span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ak chceme, aby na&scaron;e deti nemali stres z porovn&aacute;vania, sk&uacute;&scaron;ok, p&iacute;somiek, aby si d&ocirc;verovali aj v zlyhaniach nielen &scaron;kolsk&yacute;ch, ale aj pracovn&yacute;ch a &#318;udsk&yacute;ch, ak chceme, aby boli sebaist&eacute; a odv&aacute;&#382;ne, zme&#328;me v&yacute;znam prek&aacute;&#382;ok a &uacute;silia. Dosiahneme to zmenou pochv&aacute;l. </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Ot&aacute;zka toti&#382; neznie &#269;i chv&aacute;li&#357;, ale ako chv&aacute;li&#357;.</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Chv&aacute;&#318;me &uacute;silie, strat&eacute;giu, pokrok, vytrvalos&#357;, s&uacute;stredenos&#357; a pokroky. Vytv&aacute;rajme growth mindset. </span></span>&#8203;</div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>